Summary of PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL - 14/04/2024

00:00:00 - 00:45:00

In the "Programa Revista Rural" YouTube video from April 14, 2024, various topics related to agriculture and farming were discussed. One section focused on the production of eggs using free-range chickens, specifically the "galinha caipira" method. This method results in more nutritious eggs and a higher market value. The number of chickens and space required in each coop, as well as the feeding routine and egg collection process, were also discussed. Another section highlighted the importance of water for poultry farming and the necessary measures to prevent diseases. The speakers clarified that roosters are not necessary for egg production and discussed the benefits of raising "galinha caipira" chickens. They also touched upon the production of eggs on a farm, the importance of ovoscopia in evaluating egg quality, and the process of collecting and packaging the eggs. The video also covered the importance of artificial insemination in efficient bovine production and debunked the myth that it is a complicated process. The speakers discussed the process of insemination and the importance of proper handling. Additionally, the potential yield of 1,000 sugarcane plants was discussed, with an average production ranging from 200 to 500 boxes per 1,000 plants. Other topics included the cultivation of squash, specifically the Abobrinha variety, and the importance of providing high-quality pasture for calves to ensure healthy growth and profitability in cattle farming. The video emphasized the need for proper feeding, strategic planning for weaning calves, and the use of a creep feeding system. Overall, the "Programa Revista Rural" YouTube video provided valuable information on various aspects of agriculture and farming.

• 00:00:00 In this section of the "Programa Revista Rural" YouTube video, the focus is on the production of eggs using free-range chickens, specifically those called "galinhas caipiras." The benefits of this method include the production of more nutritious eggs and a higher market value. The program explains that these chickens, which can be named Colonial or Capoeira among others, are not a specific breed but rather a method of rearing. The program also discusses the number of chickens and space required in each coop, with approximately 180 units in each and five to seven birds per square meter. The coops yield around 7,000 to 7,500 eggs per month, with an average of 250 eggs daily. The chickens are fed different types of food at each stage, and the routine starts at 5 a.m. and ends at 9 p.m. The coops have an automated lighting system, and the chickens require a significant amount of dedication. The structure necessary for this production includes a coop, a pasture area, and a clean water supply.
• 00:05:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video from April 14, 2024, the speakers discuss the importance of water for poultry farming and the necessary measures to prevent diseases. They emphasize the complete vaccination cycle starting at 7 days old, which includes vaccinations at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. The speakers also clarify that a rooster is not necessary for egg production and that hens will start laying eggs around the 18th week, with production continuing for up to 90 weeks. After the laying period, hens are sold for meat, which is in high demand and sells quickly. The benefits of raising "galinha caipira" (a local breed) include better living conditions and higher-quality eggs. Factors affecting egg production include the quality of feed and water. Organic fertilizer, which is in high demand in their region, is another source of income for farmers. They also emphasize the importance of protecting chickens from predators, such as jaguatiricas, and providing proper care for baby chicks.
• 00:10:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video from April 14, 2024, the topic is the production of eggs on a farm, specifically focusing on the differences between eggs from farm-raised chickens and those from free-range chickens, as well as the process of collecting and packaging the eggs. The speaker explains that farm-raised chickens are fed a balanced and varied diet, which results in eggs with a more pigmented yolk. The cost of producing this feed on the farm is significantly lower than purchasing it externally. The chicken feed consists of 63% corn, 26% protein (from soybeans), calcium, and nucleotides. The amount of feed given to each chicken varies depending on their age, with younger chickens requiring more protein. The feed composition also changes as the chickens grow, with the percentage of corn increasing and the percentage of protein decreasing. The chickens are also given additional food, such as greens. Collecting eggs daily is important for maintaining egg hygiene and preventing them from being crushed. The eggs are classified based on size and are stored with the pointed end down to prevent the air bubble from pressing against the yolk and causing it to break. The target market for the farm's eggs is the consumer, and they are sold both directly from the farm and at markets. The packaging for the eggs comes in cartons of 10 or bandejas of 30, with prices ranging from R 30 for a carton to R 90 for a bandeja.
• 00:15:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video from April 14, 2024, the discussion revolves around the importance of ovoscopia in evaluating the quality of eggs before packaging. Ovoscopia is a process used to observe potential cracks in eggs that are not visible to the naked eye. The objective is to ensure that only good eggs are packaged and sold, as a cracked egg can spoil the entire batch. The demand for this product continues to grow, and farmers aim to double their production by the end of the year. Nilson, who started a small chicken farm after the pandemic, shares his experience and emphasizes the importance of gaining knowledge and setting up proper structures for successful egg production. He started with 100 chickens and plans to reach 1000 by the end of the year, making chicken farming a profitable venture with relatively low labor requirements. To get started, one would need a small investment for essential structures like a coop and water and electricity installation.
• 00:20:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video, the speakers discuss the importance of artificial insemination in efficient bovine production and debunk the myth that it is a complicated process. They explain that a bicycle can be used to transport the necessary equipment, and demonstrate how to perform the insemination process. The instruments used include a semen bottle, insemination applicator, and descongelator. The speakers emphasize the importance of proper handling, including wearing protective gloves, to ensure a successful insemination. The process is quick, taking only around one minute per animal. The team, led by Carlinhos and Danilo, is responsible for the insemination process, and they ensure that the animals have responded to the ATF (Artificial Insemination) protocol before proceeding.
• 00:25:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" video, the focus is on the process of artificial insemination in farming. The speaker explains the steps involved, including the use of a thawed semen container, protective sanitary apron for the cow, and the inseminator's role in the procedure. The insemination tool is then inserted at a 45-degree angle, and the process of insemination is carried out. The speaker shares his enjoyment of this profession, despite being new to it. The report also touches upon the Moringa tree, which is highly nutritious and has numerous uses for both animals and humans. It is present throughout the Brazilian biome and is known for its rapid growth and medicinal properties. The Moringa tree is rich in vitamins, proteins, iron, and potassium, and its roots can be used to treat water.
• 00:30:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video titled "14/04/2024," Embrapa's research on Moringa is discussed. Moringa, a plant with various nutritional properties for humans, also holds great value for animal nutrition. The plant is suitable for both ruminant and non-ruminant animal feeding, with edible leaves and stems. Moringa, which produces flowers for a significant part of the year, has high potential for nectar production and is easy to plant and resistant to pests. The plant is left to grow up to 1.5 meters tall before being harvested, and new shoots emerge from the cut stumps. In traditional farming, the producer harvests the plant when it is about 20 cm from the ground, allowing it to re-sprout. For ruminant feeding, the green stem and leaves with a diameter less than 1 cm are used, while for non-ruminant feeding, the entire stem with leaves is used. The material for human consumption only includes the leaves, which contain the highest concentration of vitamins and proteins, reaching up to 25-26% protein content. The speaker encourages viewers to subscribe to their channel and leave comments to help produce better and more interesting programs. The importance of proper feeding for high-quality calves is emphasized, as they represent the future of the business.
• 00:35:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video from April 14, 2024, the speaker discusses the importance of providing high-quality pasture for calves to ensure healthy growth and profitability in cattle farming. When calves transition from milk to pasture, they consume forage grasses directly from the pasture, which should have specific characteristics, including adaptability to local soil and climate, palatability, digestibility, and high nutritional value. To make this transition less stressful, the use of a creep feeding system is recommended, which stimulates ruminal development and reduces post-weaning stress. The speaker also discusses the importance of a strategic plan for weaning calves, using a system like Trip feeding, which provides a strategic supplement of protein, energy, and minerals to the calves, improving their performance and growth. The installation of the creep feeding system is simple and can be made using materials already available on the farm. The objective is to allow the calves to enter the installation without being separated from their mothers, improving their weight gain, immune system, and digestive system development, as well as benefiting the cows by reducing their milk demand and allowing them to enter the milking cycle earlier, resulting in more kilos of calves per hectare. Before releasing calves to live on pasture, it is essential to ensure a high-quality pasture through the use of forage grass seeds specifically designed for this stage of animal development.
• 00:40:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" YouTube video from April 14, 2024, the topic is the cultivation of squash, specifically the variety known as Abobrinha. The speaker explains that Abobrinha thrives best during warmer periods of the year, with ideal planting seasons being January to May and from the end of August to December. Producers must pay attention to the plant's water needs and provide good soil for optimal growth. The spacing between plants varies depending on the growing conditions. To ensure proper nutrient intake and minimize competition, proper plant control and fertilization are essential. Irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation, are used to ensure the entire root area is watered. Pollination is crucial for the plant's success, and bees are essential partners in this process. However, squash has enemies, and vigilance is necessary to prevent pests and diseases, with viruses being the primary concern. The speaker emphasizes the importance of proper handling during harvest to ensure the sensitive fruit reaches consumers in the best condition possible. Squash is a relatively inexpensive crop to produce.
• 00:45:00 In this section of the "PROGRAMA REVISTA RURAL" episode from April 14, 2024, the topic of discussion revolves around the potential yield of 1,000 sugarcane plants. The yield can vary significantly depending on the region and season, with an average production ranging from 200 to 500 boxes per 1,000 plants. Factors such as donations, management with fungicides and insecticides, and harvesting contribute to the final yield. The most productive regions and favorable climates can yield up to 4,000 boxes per 1,000 plants. The program concludes with a reminder to subscribe to the channel and stay tuned for the next episode.