Summary of Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

In the "Jovens do Leite" YouTube live by Embrapa, the speakers discuss the challenges faced by dairy farmers in providing proper nutrition for their livestock. These challenges include economic sustainability and fluctuating market prices for milk, with milk prices dropping significantly in 2021. Producers are also dealing with escalating costs for milk and soy products essential in animal diets. The speakers emphasize the importance of efficient feed management, particularly when it comes to supplementing diets with key nutrients. They also discuss the role of ruminal microorganisms in degrading feed and producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for energy production. The speakers touch upon the importance of fiber in maintaining animal health and productivity and the ideal fiber balance in a livestock diet. Additionally, they briefly discuss alternative feed sources and protein supplementation in ruminant diets. Throughout the conversation, they encourage farmers to optimize their forage management, choose the right forage for their production system, and carefully plan their nutritional strategies based on their specific needs.

00:00:00 In this section of the YouTube live titled "Jovens do Leite" by Embrapa, the speakers discuss the importance of proper nutrition for dairy cattle, with a focus on the use of direct feeds, primarily for lactating cows. They explain that producers are facing several challenges, including economic sustainability and fluctuating market prices for milk. According to the speakers, in 2020, there was an alcohol price trend until October, followed by a significant decrease in milk prices paid to producers in 2021. This trend impacts a producer's ability to plan and reach desired production levels. The conversation also touches upon the underlying reasons for these issues and shares some key points on nutrition principles and supplementation for dairy cattle.
00:05:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the impact of increasing production costs, particularly for milk and soy products, on dairy farmers and their ability to maintain proper nutrition for their livestock. Starting with the observation that there is a significant reduction in the amount per liter paid to dairy farmers due to a decrease in milk production, the speaker highlights how this reduction drastically affected the percentage of subsidies in relation to typical income for semi-extensive farmers. This shift resulted in a substantial increase in costs for farmers, leading them to seek alternatives to ensure proper nutrition for their livestock. The most significant costs come from the two main ingredients in animal diets: milk and soy products. In the context of their region, farmers pay 30 cents per kilogram, compared to an average market price of 1,800 to 2,800 reals per ton. This price difference can significantly impact farmers' abilities to maintain proper nutrition for their animals. Up to 60-70% of the production cost comes from feed management. The speaker emphasizes the importance of rational use of supplements to enable farmers to keep up with the challenges of the market. These discussions help provide insights into how farmers manage nutrition for their livestock and the factors impacting their ability to do so.
00:10:00 In this section of the YouTube video "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l," the speaker discusses the relationship between the diet provided to livestock and the efficiency of microbial protein, focusing on the role of ruminal microorganisms in the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), particularly acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. These microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, have a symbiotic relationship with the ruminant, where the ruminant provides energy and protein in the form of food and proteins, while the microorganisms provide acids and vitamins, such as folic acid, complex B, and some proteins. In return, the microorganisms receive a suitable substrate to ferment and grow efficiently in conditions of low anaerobiosis, pH, and temperature. The primary VFAs produced are approximately 65% acetic acid, 25% propionic acid, and 10% butyric acid, which are absorbed by the host and used for energy production and transformation of bodily fat into motor activity. The proportion of these VFas in the animal's diet can influence their production, with a diet richer in forage resulting in a higher proportion of acetic acid and less propionic acid.
00:15:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l," the speaker discusses the concepts of carbohydrates and their classification in relation to animal nutrition. He explains that carbohydrates are produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates in feed and are classified as non-structural or structural. Non-structural carbohydrates, like starch and sugar, are rapidly degradable and quickly provide energy to animals, while structural carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, are slowly degradable and provide less energy available to microorganisms. The speaker emphasizes the importance of fiber in maintaining the health of ruminants and preventing accidents, particularly in animals with high production levels that consume large quantities of concentrated feed. He also mentions fiber-degraded nutrients (FDN) and their role in improving fiber utilization in animals. The speaker notes that non-ruminant animals, except for some species, lack the ability to ferment structural carbohydrates and obtain energy from them.
00:20:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the importance of the cell wall theory of fiber in livestock nutrition, focusing on pectina and its relationship to the fiber's capacity to replace lignin and maintain the fat content of milk. The speaker explains that during the process of fiber extraction, pectina is solubilized, while the carbohydrates celulose and hemicelulose, as well as the mineral content, remain. The particle size of these remaining components affects their physical activity in the rumen. Young plants with a low lignin and high cellulose and hemicelulose content have a rapid degradation rate, while older plants with a thicker cell wall have a slower degradation rate. The microorganisms in the rumen adhere to the cell wall for degradation, and the more gradual degradation of older plants results in a longer retention time in the animal's gut, which is essential for its health.
00:25:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l" by Roni streamlined, there is a negative correlation between the consumption of fibrous, dry matter and the animal's gut microorganisms. This microorganism works on the cellular wall and seeks out the best nutrients for growth, but an increase in cellular wall thickness results in fewer nutrients available. Voluminous and fibrous foods such as amido, which contains celulose and is a major aliment for ruminants, can lead to changes in the rumen microbiota's arrangement. The rumen microbiota transforms this glycopolymer into glucose, which can enter microbial cells or be converted into pyruvate for energy production and metabolic byproducts, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and gases. The significant advantage of ruminants is their ability to use cellulose, a carbohydrate that most other animals cannot metabolize. Ruminants convert this cellulose into nutrients and high-value products such as milk and meat. Here, we'll discuss carbohydrates and proteins in the diet, focusing mainly on carbohydrates. The critical distinction is that the utilization of protein in the diet does not require it directly; rather, the nitrogen in protein serves as a protective agent. When protein arrives in the rumen, undegraded protein becomes ammonia, while degradable protein becomes a valuable source of energy and protein for microorganisms.
00:30:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the importance of carbohydrates and protein in ruminant nutrition and the role of microbes in the rumen. The degradable protein in the rumen is converted into volatile fatty acids (VFA) and used by microbes. When the animal lacks sufficient carbohydrates and degradable protein, it may use nitrogenous compounds inefficiently and produce excess ammonia, leading to a decrease in digestive efficiency. The speaker emphasizes the need for a balance between carbohydrates and protein in the diet to promote efficient microbial growth and nitrogen utilization. The discusses the importance of carbohydrate-fermenting microbes and the effects of a diet imbalanced in protein or energy on the animal's health. Additionally, the speaker mentions the limits of including concentrate feed in a ruminant's diet, as excess levels can be toxic and decrease milk production.
00:35:00 In this section of the YouTube video "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the importance of choosing the right forage for livestock production and the role of supplementation using concentrates. The speaker emphasizes that the quality of forage management determines whether it is low-cost or not. The use of concentrates depends on the relationship between the amount of milk produced and the amount of concentrates required. Ration refers to the total amount of feed consumed by the animal to meet its functional requirements. The speaker compares different production systems, such as milk production based on pasture versus confined animals receiving silage, and explains that the nutritional demands vary. In summary, the speaker discusses the importance of choosing the right forage, the role of supplementation using concentrates, and how the demands vary depending on the production system.
00:40:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the impact of nitrogen levels on pasture and the importance of supplementation. The speaker notes that under-utilized pasture, which has a low nitrogen content, demands more supplementation to meet the animal's nutritional requirements. This contrasts with properly managed intensive farming systems that require less supplementation due to the high nutritive value of their pasture. When nutrient intake is low, the animal's production and reproduction are negatively affected. The speaker also mentions the importance of good forage planning during the high-production periods and discusses alternative feed sources such as silage and cane-based feeds.
00:45:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estrategias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the importance of considering different production systems and their unique challenges in managing fiber intake for livestock. With lower fiber intake, animals may not reach their full potential for consumption, but risk issues such as acidosis. Conversely, high fiber intake may limit consumption and require careful planning for optimal fiber consumption. The speaker emphasizes the importance of managing fiber intake to ensure animal health and productivity. Dr. Rui da Silva Werneck, a researcher and dairy producer, asks about the ideal fraction of fiber in a livestock diet.
00:50:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speakers discuss the concept of protein and digestible and undegradable proteins in ruminants. The estimate is that around 30% of protein is undegradable in the rumen. One viewer asks about how much urea a grain farm can provide per day and the best way to provide it. The speakers then talk about the situation where sulfate of ammonia should be used together with urea. The objective of providing ureia is to increase crude protein intake. They also discuss the relationship between urine and nitrogen supply for microbial growth and the importance of energy availability and nitrogen compounds. Renato Pereira asks about the type of ureia being referred to and the speakers briefly mention the use of ureia as a protein source, which is used to replace protein in the diet in cases where there is a lack of nitrogen compounds in the feed, especially in lower-producing animals. Viviane Roldan asks about the use of alternative feeding strategies, such as sugarcane, and the criteria for adopting or not adopting such systems.
00:55:00 In this section of the YouTube video, "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses alternative forage options for livestock production, specifically Capim Dentado or Brachiaria brizantha. Capim Dentado is a local resource that can be used in its entirety, with a portion used for silage or chopped for dry season use. The primary advantages of this alternative feed compared to sugarcane are the availability of the forage throughout the year and the lower requirement for processing. The speaker also mentions the need to consider the comparison of this option in relation to sugarcane, as well as evaluating the adoption of the resource based on the farmer's production capabilities. The speaker also touches on potential supplementation with urea and the importance of ensuring proper dietary balance. The video provides a resource for diet balancing through Excel sheets and encourages farmers to consult Embrapa for more specific information for their production situation. The speaker highlights that determining the correct quantities of urea and other supplements in silages is crucial to avoid intoxicating the animals. Overall, this part of the video emphasizes the importance of understanding the nutritional requirements of livestock and the role of alternative forage options in ensuring a balanced diet.

01:00:00 - 01:35:00

In this YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l," the speakers discuss various topics related to nutrition and feeding strategies for livestock production. The speakers compare the nutritional value of corn and sorghum silage and emphasize the importance of efficient and cost-effective silage production. The conversation then shifts to the topic of using concentrates and forages for animal feed and the relationship between forage and concentrate volumes. The speakers also touch on the use of auxiliary substances like bicarbonate and probiotics. Additionally, the speakers discuss alternative feeding solutions due to the increasing cost of soy and corn. They consider alternatives such as cashew meal, beer residue, and green forage. The speakers also discuss the balance of diets for livestock and the use of supplements like urea for cows in the early stages of lactation. kgwinners {color: #75715e;}One of the speakers, Laudelino Joaquim de Carvalho, discusses maintaining production levels in cattle farming and the importance of balancing energy requirements. He emphasizes the significance of proper leguminous feeding and the use of supplements for young calves. The Embrapa Gado de Leite recommends certified coffee mulch, and Renato César Muniz shares that he offers silage made from coastal Bermuda grass to his cows. The speakers also address questions about the ideal ratio of Guandu meal and guarana cake for supplementation, proper feeding for newborn calves, and the usage of wet corn as a cost-reducing strategy. Overall, the discussion revolves around finding cost-effective and sustainable solutions for livestock feeding while addressing various farming system challenges.

01:00:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speaker discusses the differences between silage production of corn and sorghum, specifically focusing on proteins and amidos. Corn silage provides approximately 8% protein and above 28% amido, while sorghum silage yields less, but can be an efficient and cost-effective alternative for producers who do not have the machinery for corn silage. The speaker emphasizes the importance of efficient and cost-effective silage production as a way to secure food sources and free up land for other activities. The conversation then shifts to the topic of using concentrates and forages for animal feed, focusing on the relationship between the volume of concentrate and forage that can be substituted. Recent experiments have shown a surprising one-to-one ratio of forage to concentrate for achieving the same nutritional impact. The speaker also touches on the use of bicarbonate as a tamponade when forage has a high or low fiber content, stating that they use bicarbonate to maintain rumen pH, but warns that its use can depend on the specific farm management practices. Finally, the speaker briefly mentions the use of probiotics to aid in the breakdown and management of forage in the rumen. The speaker concludes the section by addressing a question about using a formula sheet for feed formulation and expressing their happiness that the question was asked, as they feel that a well-thought-out and researched approach to animal nutrition is essential. Overall, the speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding the nutritional value and production methods of various feed sources, as well as the role of auxiliary substances like bicarbonate and probiotics, in ensuring a healthy and efficient livestock operation.
01:05:00 In this section of the "Rebanhos l" video, the speaker discusses the challenge of finding alternative feeding solutions due to the increasing cost of soy and corn. The current prices for soy and corn are high, making alternatives such as cashew meal and beer residue worth considering. While these alternatives may contain high energy and protein levels, they come with logistical challenges, including inconsistent supply and difficulties in preservation. The speaker also mentions the potential use of green forage such as Cortado Verde, which although less energy-dense, can be more efficient in terms of protein production and is better for animal maintenance. The choice of supplement depends on the specific animal's energy requirements. Overall, the cost of the diet will depend on the production efficiency of the materials used.
01:10:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speakers discuss various strategies for feeding and supplementing livestock, specifically focusing on the consumption of fodder and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Manoel Lúcio Fontes Morais questions the expected consumption of forage for meat-half breed, zebu, and pasture-fed cows and mentions the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a particular diet.viviane Roldan discusses the feasibility of a diet that reduces greenhouse gas emissions due to animal digestion. She mentions the use of additives and the selection of specific microorganisms. The speakers also talk about the role of leucaena and Palma in bovine feeding and the challenges of reducing costs in the face of high-priced alternatives like soybeans. Leonardo Clareia da Silva asks about lowering the cost of animal composition using alternative feeds, such as corn or sugarcane residue, but notes that the amount of oil and fat in these feeds can be a limitation. The topic of Passover alternative feeding systems is raised, with examples like jureia used as a replacement for soybean meals in some areas. The speakers also suggest the use of DDGS, but note that its high oil content can pose a challenge. Overall, the discussion revolves around finding cost-effective and sustainable solutions for livestock feeding in various farming systems.
01:15:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speakers discuss strategies for balancing diets for livestock and the use of supplements like urea for cows in the early stages of lactation. The common producer may not have the necessary knowledge to balance their animal's diet without technical assistance. The speakers also discuss alternative ingredients like sorghum and corn silage to reduce costs as milk prices rise and demand decreases. One audience member asks about the ideal ratio of iron to sugarcane for feeding in a cooker, with suggestions to work with only one type of iron or both, depending on available resources. Another question regarding upcoming topics covers milk production and reproductive health, which will be addressed in future live sessions. Additionally, Luiz Gustavo Cavalcanti from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, suggests using rice bran instead of milo for fodder, depending on the region, and pays attention to the condition of the grains during storage.
01:20:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", Laudelino Joaquim de Carvalho discusses maintaining production levels in cattle farming, specifically regarding the challenge posed by BRS Kurumi. Carvalho emphasizes the importance of paying close attention to the energy requirements of the animal, explaining that it should make up roughly half of the production. To ensure these requirements are met, supplementation is necessary, with care taken not to disrupt the balance of the animal's diet. The speakers also discuss the potential of a forage with high protein but low fiber content, which can lead to a production increase. Rui da Silva Werneck inquired about balancing the diet at minimal cost, to which the recommendation was given for the "Super Craque" program. The speakers also suggest various resources for those interested in learning more about nutrition for dairy cattle, including books like "Nutrição de ruminantes" and "Bioquímica de ruminantes".
01:25:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", the speakers discuss various aspects of feeding and supplementation for livestock production. The Embrapa Gado de Leite recommends certified coffee mulch for farmers and prioritizes small and medium-sized producers as a local development strategy. Renato César Muniz shares that he offers silage made from coastal Bermuda grass to his cows. Laudelino Joaquim de Carvalho discusses the ideal ratio of Guandu meal and guarana cake for supplementation. The speakers emphasize the importance of proper leguminous feeding and the use of supplements for young calves. Rui Verneque clarifies that sodium bicarbonate is no longer used to improve digestibility. Marco Lucarmo asks about using less sodium bicarbonate in cane feed. Anderson Rocha explains that calves should be given six milk feedings a day in their first stage of life, after which they gradually transition to complementary feeds. The speakers also discuss efficient water production and the importance of providing leite for calves and concentrates based on the production system.
01:30:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l", Renildo Costa discusses various food sources for formulating diets, beyond corn, in different regions. He mentions citrus pulp, cashew, and soybean meal as alternatives, noting that each region may have a specific product for better substitution. However, it's important to compare these options regarding their nutritional base. For example, when using soybean meal, one should also consider the usage of soybean hulls during silage-making. Paulo Renato Garcia discusses the use of rice husks for silage and suggests that rice bran can be added during silage production, providing a Chief comment on the earlier topic on colostrum feeding in the first days of the calf's life. Viviane emphasizes the importance of colostrum for the calf's life and proper weaning by balancing the consumption of solid foods with the correct granulometry. Milton queries about feeding newborn calves with silage instead of milk and mentions the difficulties in providing silage and the high cost of forage, leading him to forgo the use of poultry to save on production expenses. Rodrigrique Beck discusses the usage of wet corn as a cost-reducing strategy in regions with multiple dairy producers. He suggests buying the grain in bulk and processing it themselves, without the need for specialized machinery, making it an effective cost-saving method.
01:35:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Conceitos básicos de nutrição, alimentos e alimentação, e estratégias de suplementação em rebanhos l," the speaker acknowledges Rodrigo Beck's question regarding the importance of rehydrated corn in livestock nutrition. He emphasizes the need to break down this concept logically to understand its significance in cellular absorption. The speaker thanks everyone for their attendance and valued Rodrigo Beck's participation, including him in their knowledge sharing series. He expresses gratitude for the opportunity and the interest shown, and invites further questions through email or the CNPGL platform. The technical team will respond promptly. The speaker ends the section with a warm farewell.