Summary of Independencia del Perú: Corriente Libertadora del Sur | Bicentenario del Perú

00:00:00 - 00:20:00

The video discusses the history of Peru's independence, focusing on the Creole aristocracy's attempt to end the monarchy and the viceroyalty's resistance. The Creole leaders were unable to unite their forces and the viceroyalty was able to defeat them, culminating in the battle of Chacabuco in 1817. San Martín then proclaimed Peru's independence and began a naval campaign to take Santiago. The campaign was successful, and Chile became independent in 1818.

• 00:00:00 The video presents the history of Peru's independence, focusing on the Creole aristocracy's attempt to end the monarchy and the viceroyalty's resistance. The Creole leaders were unable to unite their forces and the viceroyalty was able to defeat them, culminating in the battle of Chacabuco in 1817. San Martín then proclaimed Peru's independence and began a naval campaign to take Santiago. The campaign was successful, and Chile became independent in 1818.
• 00:05:00 On September 12, 1819, the Spanish ship Esmeralda was captured, clearing the way for the arrival of General José de San Martín and the start of the Peruvian War of Independence. On August 20, 1820, San Martín was appointed Generalissimo of the Liberation Army, and left Valparaíso for Pisco (Paracas Bay) with 4,000 men. After becoming aware of the presence of San Martín in the south, and of the continuous communications that the patriots maintained with him, Viceroy Joaquín de la Pezuela made the decision to attempt a diplomatic negotiation. However, the negotiations failed and the war continued. On October 5, San Martín orders General Arenales to ignite the patriotic spirit in the provinces of the interior of Peru and recruit soldiers for the liberating forces. Thousands of indigenous people joined the call for independence and the campaign began towards the mountains. On December 6, 1820, the "battle of the serro" took place, and the patriots emerged victorious. On January 29, 1821, the so-called "Aznapuquio mutiny" took place, where several heads of the Spanish army demanded the resignation of Viceroy Joaqu
• 00:10:00 José de San Martín led the army in a successful campaign to liberate Peru from Spanish rule. On July 9, 1821, he entered Lima, establishing the first government of Peru as a constitutional monarchy. The proclamation of independence was merely an act of formality, as royalist power was still concentrated in the mountains. San Martín instituted many reforms, including the abolition of slavery and the creation of the Order of the Sun decoration for the best servants of the nation. He also organized the new government departments based on the former intendancies. Cochrane, who did not agree with the new appointments, led a coup attempt against San Martin in October 1821, seizing public treasures and shipping them to Chile. This attack was the breaking point between San Martin and Cochrane, leading to San Martin's departure for Chile.
• 00:15:00 The video discusses the history of Peru and the contributions of General San Martín and Simón Bolívar. San Martín and Bolívar disagreed on the form of government for Peru, and the conference that was held to try and reach an agreement failed. However, it was decided that Guayaquil would stay independent.
• 00:20:00 In 1822, after resigning from his post as Protector of Peru, General Francisco Javier de Luna Pizarro presided over the first congress of the newly-independent country. The congress bestowed titles and benefits on San Martín, who refused to accept the other investiture. San Martín left for Chile after this first congress, leaving Peru and its shores forever. A year later, with the path clear, a dictator arrived to fight with La Serna, the domain of Peruvian territory.