Summary of CALDERA - INTERIOR DE UNA CALDERA EN OPERACION

00:00:00 - 00:15:00

The video explains how a Caldera works and how it is affected by changes in demand. It also demonstrates how to measure the level of water in boiling and how to control the level of dissolved solids.

• 00:00:00 Calderas are an efficient way to generate thermal energy, but they need a lot of energy to turn water into vapor. That energy is constantly being transported in the vapor, released when the vapor turns back into water, and is often color (heat), sound (vapor movement), and even powerful ( vapor entering contact with a colder surface). Vapor is a very efficient energy conductor, very versatile, safe, and completely sterile. A truly modern energy source with a performance capable of satisfying the most demanding industrial demands.
• 00:05:00 This video demonstrates how to measure the level of water in boiling, just below the bubbly layer where the proportion of bubbles is representative of the interior of the caldera. This is done by connecting the water level indicator to the caldera water, but it is free of turbulence and bubbles. The installed level sensors in the caldera must be aimed at protection to achieve a safe level reading. If the level of water in boiling is not maintained, the water must be replaced with vapor to generate steam. This is done by supplying water of represenation to replace the water that has been converted to vapor. This is known as "level control off." When the water level falls to a certain point, the feeding valve turns on and fills the caldera until the appropriate level is reached. This process is repeated every century, but it can interfere with the delicate balance inside the caldera. This can be demonstrated effectively by comparing it to a water in boiling container that produces vapor at a constant rate to the atmosphere. Adding cold water immediately stops the boiling process and the vapor production rate begins to recover gradually. This gradual increase in vapor production overcomes the level control off's disadvantage of decreasing vapor production rate over time. These effects can be
• 00:10:00 This video explains how a Caldera - an artificial volcano - behaves under conditions nearly ideal, with a steady flow of vapor, but real-world demands are seldom stable, and they can vary frequently. A Caldera must be capable of responding to these changes, when demand for vapor increases, the Caldera will take a little longer to increase its production to match the new demand, but during this transitional period, demand from the plant exceeds the vapor the Caldera can produce, resulting in a pressure drop in the vapor system. This pressure drop has greater effects inside the Caldera, as seen when demand for vapor increases temporarily, but within the machine's maximum production capacity, the surface of bubbling water starts to increase rapidly, within a few seconds, the level reaches such high levels that water and bubbles are dragged toward the vapor release point, as soon as demand for vapor decreases, pressure increases and the surface levels return to normal, an operation returns to normal. This sudden response often known as dilatation, is the result of the combination of two factors: one is that bubbles of vapor within the water in the Caldera's chamber expand when pressure is lowered, causing an increase in the level of the surface, while the other and simultaneous event is that water vaporizes
• 00:15:00 The consequences of the operation of a Caldera can be seen in the following demonstration. Here, the system for controlling disolved solid was turned off and the level of the liquid increased almost double the normal level of operation. The operation of the Caldera is quite normal at 8 bars with a moderate demand. At first glance, the situation does not seem too bad. Bubbles on the surface of the water have an spumous and creamsicle appearance and the water surface is more calm than normal. This is not surprising, as high levels of dissolved solids disrupt the physical behavior of bubbles and they take longer to break, leading to foam. What is not apparent is that the level of water in boiling point real measured by the water level sensor is much lower than you would expect. In reality, the bubbly layer is much thicker than with normal dissolved solids, reducing the effective space for vapor inside the Caldera and leaving it exposed to the problem of drift when the other parameters are within normal limits. This is especially true when the water level reaches the highest point of the heating cycle or reacting to an increase in demand. Fortunately, these problems can be easily avoided by using an appropriate method of controlling dissolved solids.