Summary of Ibn Taymiyyah & The Philosophers | Mohammed Hijab

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

Ibn Taymiyyah was a medieval Muslim theologian who developed the Ashari movement. He argued that anything which is composed of parts is dependent, and that the human being is a rational animal. He also discussed the impossibility of finding a thing that does not exist and how this applies to the topic of the attributes of God. Finally, he argued that the logical syllogism does not allow for new knowledge to be gleaned from it.

00:00:00 Ibn Taymiyyah and the Hamburger School discuss the development of creedal discussions in the early days of Islam. According to Ibn Taymiyyah, there wasn't a lot of discussion about theological issues in the early days of Islam. After the Quran was revealed, speculative theology became popular, and Ahmed ar-Rawi used the Quran to argue for the existence of God.
00:05:00 Ibn Taymiyyah was a Muslim theologian who developed the Ashari movement, which opposed the Shadhiliya school of thought. He also wrote about the opposition fallacy.
00:10:00 Ibn Taymiyyah argues that anything which is composed of parts is dependent, and therefore necessitated by its corporeal counterpart.
00:15:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses five ways that a thing can be taqib, or exhaustively identified. He argues that if a thing possesses material form, then it is taqib. He further explains that this is based on logic and Aristotelian philosophy.
00:20:00 According to Ibn Taymiyyah, the human being is a rational animal, and the category of haiwan refers to that which is the actual human being. The subcategory of which is that he is the rational one. This is a construct that is mental in nature and has no bearing on the real world. The philosopher critiques the idea that one must first anthropomorphize the attributes of God in order to negate them, and argues that this is a problem.
00:25:00 Ibn Taymiyyah argues that anything which is composed of parts is contingent, and that the universe is composed of parts. He also argues that the atheist cannot remain consistent with this position, as they would have to deny the universals.
00:30:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the impossibility of finding a thing that does not exist and how this applies to the topic of the attributes of God. He also discusses the nature of knowledge and how it is foundational for Muslims.
00:35:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses what he believes are the limitations of knowledge and the impossibility of knowing all things. He goes on to say that only the internal emotions of individuals can be known through the fitra, or "inner light."
00:40:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses universals and how one can deny them. He then goes on to say that one can deny the universe and the extra mental world, and this is why he rejects them. Finally, he discusses how one can understand composition and how he deletes other definitions based on his backup histological positions.
00:45:00 In this video, Ibn Taymiyyah discusses how the existence of universals cannot be proven, and argues that they are conceptual analysis only. He goes on to say that the necessary existence of a universal must be a proposition, and that this is what Kant argued in his Critique of Pure Reason.
00:50:00 Ibn Taymiyyah argues that the logical syllogism does not allow for new knowledge to be gleaned from it, instead it is just a way of expressing common sense notions. He also criticizes the definition of love, saying that it does not differentiate between platonic and romantic forms of love.
00:55:00 Ibn Taymiyyah argues that there cannot be an infinite regress of causes, because if one causes an effect, then the possibility of that effect occurring must come from an earlier cause. This argument is used to defend the existence of God.

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In this video, Ibn Taymiyyah discusses various philosophical concepts and how they relate to the existence of God. He argues that the concept of an all-powerful, eternal, and infinite God is logically impossible, and that any arguments based on this concept are invalid. He also discusses the relationship between conceptus and universals, and argues that although proposition is not existence, it's still necessary.

01:00:00 Ibn Taymiyyah argues that the concept of an all-powerful, eternal, and infinite God is logically impossible, and so any arguments based on this concept are invalid. He also rejects arguments based on the idea that God is capable of creating things that endure forever.
01:05:00 In this video, Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the legitimacy of conceptualizing things and making arguments conceptually based on cosmological starting points. He argues that if you start with cosmological starting points, subsequent conceptualization is legitimate, but if you don't, it's not. The futura is not a strong argument for him, as it's not knowledge. He also discusses the relationship between conceptus and universals, and argues that although proposition is not existence, it's still necessary. Ibn Taymiyyah provides an analogy between Allah and the conceptus.
01:10:00 In this video, Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the philosophers and their arguments for the existence of God. One of the philosophers Ibn Taymiyyah discusses is Bertrand Russell, and his famous objection to the cosmological argument is that a part (i.e. a universe) might have a certain attribute (e.g. being existent), but the whole (the universe) might not have that attribute.
01:15:00 In this video, Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the philosophical concept of inheritance. He argues that if an object has a diffuser property – meaning it spans arbitrary subsections – it is inherited by the object in question. He also discusses the principle of diffusion, which states that the future property is one which spans arbitrary subsections.
01:20:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the principle that if adding one member of a set to another member yields a change in the judgment of the set, the judgment on the set will not be comparable to that of the individual members. If the judgment on the set does not change with the addition of the second member, the judgment on the set will be like that of the individual unit. An example of the first category is found in cases where the addition of one part of a set to another segment causes the entire set to become more intense. An example of the second category is found in cases where extension is from any direction and it does not have to be long. In this case, the judgment on the set cannot be like that of the individual unit.
01:25:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the principle of part whole differentiation, stating that it only occurs when there is an addition or subtraction involved. He also provides an example of how this principle can be applied in the real world.
01:30:00 Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the principle of dependency, which states that the more dependent a thing is on other things, the more intense the dependency becomes. He goes on to talk about how this principle applies to the world of physics, where adding more and more dependent things together requires more and more energy. He argues that this is an empirical fact, not a philosophical one.
01:35:00 In this video, Ibn Taymiyyah discusses the argument for God's existence and how it cannot be based on compositional principles. He argues that something bereft of equality cannot produce it, and that this is supported by the Qur'an.