Summary of Sesión 9: Construir cultura ética en el ámbito público

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

In this YouTube video titled "Sesión 9: Construir cultura ética en el ámbito público," the speakers discuss the importance of building a culture of ethics in the public sphere. They emphasize the need to address people's behavior, beliefs, and cultural norms, as well as the role of education, research, and expert guidance in promoting lasting behavior change. The video also highlights the challenges and obstacles in implementing ethical practices in government institutions, and the need for structural reforms to combat corruption and establish credibility. The speakers stress the importance of integrity, transparency, and accountability as cornerstones of a strong ethical culture in the public sector. Overall, the video emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that combines legal, institutional, and cultural strategies to build a culture of ethics in the public sphere.

00:00:00 In this section, the hosts welcome the panelists for a session on building ethical culture in the public sphere. The session, fifth international forum on property and transparency, will be held in presencial and virtual formats simultaneously. The hosts invite attendees to share their questions in the chat of their Facebook and YouTube channels, which will be transmitted to the panelists through the professor Ángela Salas. The moderator for this session is Ángela Salas, a sociologist at the University of the Rosario, a magister in philosophy at the University of the Andes, and a doctoral candidate in the human rights program at the University of Deusto in Spain. She also teaches at La Universidad del Rosario and is the coordinator of communications at the Red Para la Formación Ética y Ciudadana organization, which is an ally of the cátedra. She will be introducing the panelists and conducting the session.
00:05:00 In this section, we meet the panelists who will be discussing the importance of ethical culture in the public sphere. Daniela Gallegos Salazar is a professor of ethics and citizenry at the Universidad Technológica de Monterrey, collaborates on the project of integrity coordinated by the Office of the Fight Against Drugs of the United Nations, and is a member of the transparency and anti-corruption initiative of the Universidad Technológica de Monterrey. Diana Richardson Peña, Anaís Abogada and specializes in aduanero and academic law, and is currently pursuing her doctorate at the University of Buenos Aires. Rosa Luisa Arias is a social worker and professor of development and social education at the Universidad Externa de Colombia and the Pedagogical University of the Sabana.
00:10:00 In this section of a YouTube video titled "Sesión 9: Construir cultura ética en el ámbito público", the speaker discusses the importance of considering people's behaviors and justifications for following or not following ethical and legal rules. While this idea is gaining traction worldwide, including in Colombia, the speaker argues that it is not always clear in all initiatives aimed at promoting transparency, anticorruption, and other related topics. However, the speaker points out that in Colombia, there is a solid foundation for addressing these issues due to the development of citizen culture and other related topics. The speaker uses the example of a traffic light in Bogotá to illustrate how people's actions may not align with the original plans and create problems. The speaker suggests that if people make different decisions, they can improve the functioning of systems in a range of areas, from recycling to violence. The speaker also notes that some may find this approach challenging as it requires changing deeply ingrained beliefs and behaviors, but the speaker argues that it is necessary to address issues such as corruption. The speaker concludes by mentioning the use of official mandates and checks, lists, and that it is necessary to identify risks and comply with the requirements to be considered an honest and transparent entity.
00:15:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the notion of building a culture of ethics in the public sphere. The idea is that while interventions can change behavior, they are not enough to create a lasting impact. The solution lies in complementing these interventions with something more, such as addressing cultural values and beliefs. The speaker notes that there is often a disconnect between the solutions we propose and the diagnoses we make, highlighting the need to pay attention to people's beliefs and cultural norms. The speaker also mentions the importance of collective action, as changing behavior on a large scale requires more than just convincing people to change their individual behavior.
00:20:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the challenges of changing people's behaviors and attitudes through capacitations and education. The assertion that psychological factors like attitude, knowledge, and values impact people's behavior is mentioned, and it is explained that while changing attitudes and providing knowledge may not always lead to a change in behavior. The problem lies in the gap between people's awareness and the realization that their behavior contradicts their attitudes and values. The London School of Economics study on human behavior is mentioned, which states that people's behavior is influenced by three main factors: physical, psychological, and social, and that a change in one of these factors can affect behavior and decision-making.
00:25:00 The YouTube video titled "Sesión 9: Construir cultura ética en el ámbito público" presents four ideas that contribute to building ethical culture in public spaces. The first idea is that changing an individual's behavior is more challenging than changing a group's behavior, which has been shown in various experiments. One such example mentioned is an investigation where a group was given flyers with environmental messages to leave in public spaces. The study revealed that individuals who understood the rules and were convinced to change their behavior were more likely to follow them, while those who did not understand the rules struggled to change their behavior. The second idea presented is the value of research and education in changing behaviors. The study conducted by the US government in the 1950s aimed to encourage individuals to consume more meat has been cited as an example. The experiment involved two types of education: one where a nutritionist gave a lecture on the benefits of consuming certain organs, and another where a group discussion took place. It was observed that providing information and encouraging discussion led to a higher percentage of individuals adopting the new behavior, while those who did not have access to these educational methods were less likely to change. The third idea discussed in the video is the importance of cultural perception. The chapter on psychology states that it is more difficult to change an individual's behavior than that of a group, and this idea also applies to culture. The perception of what is considered right or wrong is influenced by cultural beliefs and expectations, and changing these beliefs is a complex process that may require a great deal of effort. Finally, the fourth idea discussed is the use of research and experts in the field of behavior change. There is a wealth of research and theory on this topic, and experts can provide valuable insights and guidance on the most effective methods for changing behavior. The use of experts can also facilitate the adoption of new behaviors by individuals, and can help to ensure that the process is carried out in an effective and efficient manner.
00:30:00 In this section, Pablo discusses the idea of building a culture of ethics in the public sector by combining the theories and models of the International Labor Organization for behavior change with the insights of experts in the field. Pablo emphasizes the need for discussing ideas discussed in comments, messages, and interactions to enrich and deepen understanding. He then launches into a discussion of the project of constructing a culture of ethics in public management by first asking about the meaning of institutions - what are their purposes and goals? Pablo describes the Mexican system of anticorruption and systematizes strategies for promoting cultural change in public management, supported by the Universidad Tecnológica de Monterrey, a large educational institution in Mexico. He shares the approach of approaching ethical issues from a perspective of human rights, and emphasizing the importance of integrity in the performance of public services. Pablo highlights the need to strike a balance between theoretical frameworks and practical application, and concludes by challenging the audience to seek out opportunities for in-depth exploration of the topic.
00:35:00 In this section of the video, the speaker emphasizes the importance of considering the role of organizations and their ethical function when trying to bring about change in society. The speaker stresses that organizations should be viewed as "corporatively defined" and must adhere to their unique sense of purpose and legitimacy overseen by the public. The importance of creating a strong institutional design that considers both the technical and ethical aspects of an organization's operation cannot be overemphasized. The speaker acknowledges that organizational behavior reflects the monoculture of market logics. Therefore, promoting social interest and human dignity should be the focus of any organization.
00:40:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the need for structural reforms in the legal system to establish credibility in government institutions. As proposed in the International Labor Organization's Pact by México, these reforms should address inequality and promote a culture of human rights, economic growth, security, and justice. Additionally, measures such as transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption policies should be integrated into the design to combat corruption and administrative errors. The Sistema Nacional de anticorrupción (National Anti-Corruption System) was proposed as a coordinated response from government authorities at all levels to prevent, investigate, and punish corruption. The system served as a focal point for all stakeholders involved, and its comprehensive design aimed to address various dimensions, including public participation. In addition, it introduced electronic mechanisms for the exchange of information and denunciations, a digital platform for monitoring government officials in public and private contracts, and its impartiality, honesty, transparency, and equity were the guiding principles to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions.
00:45:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the legal and institutional framework for constructing an ethical culture in the public sphere, specifically in Mexico. The implementation of laws and good practices is crucial, as it gives citizens a central role in monitoring issues related to corruption, but significant challenges remain. These include obstacles in the appointment of experts, lack of reforms to the penal code, and resistance in the release of information by the police. The speaker highlights the importance of designing both legal and institutional frameworks for promoting integrity and reinforcing ethical values in public institutions.
00:50:00 In this section of the YouTube video, Daniela Mucha reflects on the approach to addressing the problem of corruption in a contextual manner, mentioning the international and national contexts, as well as the successful implementation of good practices in Colombia. She states that the Inspector General of Taxes, Customs, and Tax Office has adopted these practices, and international organizations like OECD have also contributed to the fight against corruption in the country. Daniela highlights the importance of integrating a risk-based strategy in the recommendation for public integrity, as mentioned by the OECD, which is based on the Edelman Trust Barometer Global Survey, which states that corruption is the primary concern of citizens with a 69% response rate.
00:55:00 In this section of the video, the presenter discusses the importance of integrity and the erosion of social values in the public sphere. He notes that many people believe that the biggest concern is immigration and public corruption. The presenter argues that traditional approaches to combating corruption, such as creating more stringent norms and strengthening compliance, have shown limited effectiveness. Instead, he advocates for integrity to be a fundamental principle of social, economic, and political structures, and a cornerstone of good governance. He suggests that countries should formulate strategies for public integrity not as a goal in themselves, but as a means of establishing priorities and objectives based on empirical data and risk analysis. Finally, the presenter recommends the adoption of certain principles organized into three pillars, including a coherent and comprehensive system of integrity, a culture of public integrity, and an effective accountability mechanism. These principles can help promote responsible governance and foster a culture of change that rejects corruption as socially unacceptable.

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The video titled "Sesión 9: Construir cultura ética en el ámbito público" explores various aspects of building an ethical culture in the public sector. The speaker discusses topics such as transparency, accountability, corruption, civic participation, education, justice, and the role of universities. The importance of controlling internal systems, promoting integrity, and implementing preventive strategies is highlighted. The video emphasizes the need for education to promote ethical values and civic responsibility, as well as the role of dialogue, diversity, and respect in shaping ethical conduct. The creation of ethical codes for politicians and public officials is also discussed as a means of accountability. Overall, the video emphasizes the importance of cultivating a culture of honesty, integrity, and ethical decision-making in the public sector to create a more transparent and responsible society.

01:00:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the importance of controlling internal systems and ensuring integrity in financing political systems in Latin America, specifically in Colombia. The National Commission on Moralization, the Council National Electoral, and the Department of Administrative functions of public employees are excluded from the Colombian system of public integrity due to the need to address the specificities of the country's organizational, sectoral, or regional needs. The creation of the Integrity Code of 2016 is noted as one of the important achievements of the country, which is a results-driven and participatory exercise that involved more than 25,000 public employees. The Integrity Council of Colombia was established in 2021 to help evaluate and track the integrity of public institutions and monitoring topics like institutional quality for anti-corruption and integrity.
01:05:00 In this section, the video discusses the importance of transparency and accountability in public sector decision-making in Colombia. The country currently has a modest rating of 20 out of 100 for transparency, but the video's speaker emphasizes the need to continue improving these indicators. He presents five indicators that are expected to be measured by the end of 2022 and 2023, including accountability for public policy compliance, external control and audit,oricopus of competition, meritocracy and risk management in the sector public. The speaker highlights the importance of implementing a prevention strategy, such as the code of conduct for public officials from the Central American Association of Tax Administration and the guide for self-evaluation of ethics in tax administrations, which have been recently updated. He also discusses the importance of involving the legislative and judicial branches of government in promoting public integrity and the role of citizens and the private sector in this process.
01:10:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the strategies and processes implemented by the Agency Colombia Trasnacional Corrupción (ANTICORRUPCION) in order to increase transparency, ethics, and good practices in public institutions. The speaker also highlights the importance of promoting a culture of honesty and integrity, emphasizing that this requires a change in the individual's mentalities and values. The creation of ANTICORRUPCION and its different areas of work demonstrate the government's commitment to combatting corruption in the country. The corrective or punitive role of ANTICORRUPCION is particularly important as it has disciplinary power over those found guilty of corrupt behavior. The initiative is aimed at educating people on the importance of being honest and developing a culture of integrity and transparency in the public sector. By promoting this culture, the speaker hopes to create a more ethical and transparent society that is in line with the government's goals. The speaker concludes by emphasizing the importance of users sticking to their values, even if it may not bring direct benefits, in order to create long-term change.
01:15:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the importance of community involvement and active citizenship in promoting the public interest and improving society. The concepts of genuine civic participation, public responsibility, and ethical commitment are emphasized in this approach to public policy and governance. The importance of involving citizens and collaborating with them on issues affecting public interest is also highlighted. This section also emphasizes the need for education and training to promote public ethics and civic responsibility, as well as the use of technology and innovative approaches to promote transparency and accountability in public governance.
01:20:00 In this section of the video, the importance of culture and how it is cultivated is discussed. One of the key aspects of culture that is crucial in developing is critical thinking. Furthermore, education is not only essential in this process but also has a role in providing access to knowledge for all. Despite the significant role of education, there is a threat to this education, such as the rise of egotistical cultures and interests that prevent ethical education. The formation of a culture of citizenship is said to provide a solution to this crisis by promoting a dialogue and respect for differing perspectives. However, it is important to build the right architecture for this formation and adapt it to specific circumstances. Colombia has developed a democratic model of education that is designed to bring transformation but has not yet reached its full potential.
01:25:00 In this section of a YouTube video titled "Sesión 9: Construir cultura ética en el ámbito público", the focus is shifted more towards education of fundamental rights such as liberty and cultureless on economic, social and collective rights, along with the right to development. Peace is also given more of a mention as an important aspect that should be taught in education. The speaker emphasizes on the importance of moral education and how it helps in building a society of moral individuals who are responsible and caring towards themselves and their environment. The role of media communication, political rhetoric, religious teachings, and art and literature in shaping moral and political ethics is also discussed. The need for a pluralistic and critical education is highlighted as a way to educate society on the importance of values, virtues and the role of ethics in decision making. The importance of a dialogue of knowledge in ethics, politics and peace is also stressed, as well as the need to consider diverse perspectives in the educational process. The speaker also mentions that education is a process of building ethical individuals who are capable of being subject morally and politically.
01:30:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the importance of working to promote justice in society and the need to work with individuals who may not have had access to education themselves. They emphasize the need to develop an ethical culture that is rooted in the values of justice and works to strengthen the work done in this area. To do this, the speaker suggests the need to fortify the formative education of individuals in schools and universities, develop dialogue and research on injustices and the demands for justice in the current environment, and work to balance professionalization and investigative research with participative action in the development of communities and societies. The speaker highlights the need to strengthen ethical education, particularly in light of current political polarization, and emphasizes the need to address economic and property concentrations, as well as the problem of corruption. The speaker ends by emphasizing the urgency of establishing a pedagogical project for the cultivation of ethical culture in society, one that supports the development of justice, democracy, and peace, and works to respect diversity and promote respect for human rights.
01:35:00 In this section of the video, the speaker explores the topic of ethical conduct and how it can be improved in society. He discusses the concept of polyespersity, which refers to the idea that our actions often fail to align with our professed values. The speaker argues that these disparities create significant social and psychological harm, and that efforts must be made to reconcile these values. He suggests that educational strategies for changing cultural norms are necessary to make these changes, and that conversations and deliberation play a crucial role in shaping how people perceive and act on their values. The importance of dialogue and their role in generating a context that supports ethical conduct is also emphasized, where norms are better understood, perceived and respected, making them more likely to be adhered to, which ultimately contributes to a more stable and meaningful society.
01:40:00 In this section of the video, the topic of ethical behavior in public institutions and how individuals and society can lay the foundation for ethical conduct is discussed. In particular, the concept of integrity is explored, which is defined as the congruence between what someone says and what they do. However, Diana points out that integrality is a process that requires ongoing effort because no one is completely congruent. She argues that it is important for society to have a minimum level of trust, which is crucial for building projects together and ensuring that everyone's word can be trusted. The presenters discuss various theories and explanations for the relationship between what we say and what we do, and one of them is that people say one thing and do another due to conflicting interests. The theory suggests that people want to feel good about themselves and present a positive image, but they also want to maximize their benefits and opportunities. Therefore, ethical behavior requires finding a balance between these conflicting interests. The presenters also discuss the need to avoiding rationalizations that can lead to unethical behavior.
01:45:00 In this section, the video explores the idea of creating ethical codes for politicians and other public officials. One of the questions raised is whether it is necessary for a country to have an ethical code for politicians who aspire to elected positions. It is suggested that such codes can serve as a tool for holding politicians accountable for their actions and decisions, and for ensuring that they act in the best interests of the public. The video also discusses the importance of a critical reading of social processes and the need to ensure that politicians are capable of empathy and are not corrupt. It is concluded that creating ethical codes for politicians is an important step towards ensuring that they are accountable to the public and are acting in their best interests.
01:50:00 In this section, a debate occurs about the role of universities in constructing ethical citizenship and how they can counter the apathy and environmental damage associated with corruption. The discussion also touches upon the importance of incorporating ethical education into society, as opposed to the differences between family-based and institutional models of education. It emphasizes the need for the ethical education system to be recognized and respected and to include recognizing and valuing diverse identities and promoting respect for all individuals. Furthermore, the legitimate role of politics and the education system in promoting respect for different communities is emphasized.
01:55:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the role of universities in shaping ethical values and civic education. They mention that while basic and secondary education provide a foundation for citizen formation, it is often insufficient and fragmented. Universities tend to prioritize professionalization and competitiveness, neglecting the importance of ethical and civic education. The speaker emphasizes the need for universities to produce not only excellent professionals, but also professionals committed to ethical care and justice. They highlight the importance of seeing others as legitimate individuals and fostering a sense of solidarity and compassion. The speaker concludes by expressing gratitude for the opportunity to share their views and encourages students to take part in ethical and civic education.