Summary of LA CRISIS DEL ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN (1788-1833) | Historia de España 🇪🇸

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The video explores the Crisis of the Old Regime in Spain from 1788 to 1833. It begins with the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte, which leads to the War of Independence and a struggle between absolutists and liberals. The War of Independence ultimately leads to the return of King Ferdinand VII and the emergence of new political groups. The consequences of the war include high mortality rates, economic stagnation, and the loss of Spanish territories in the Americas. The video also mentions the establishment of provincial juntas and the convening of a Constituent Cortes. Additionally, it highlights the liberal laws enacted by the Cortes, such as the Constitution of 1812, but notes that absolutism was restored with the return of Ferdinand VII.

• 00:00:00 In this section, the narrator discusses how Spain in the early 19th century was an absolutist kingdom influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment that came from France, leading to the French Revolution. This period marked the crisis of the Old Regime in Spain, starting with the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte. The video highlights the key events during this time, such as the War of Independence and the reign of King Ferdinand VII, which was characterized by a constant struggle between absolutists and liberals. The emergence of liberalism brought about significant changes in society and politics, including the concept of individual rights and the separation of powers. The War of Independence, which took place from 1808 to 1814, was a consequence of the fear and resistance towards the French Revolution and the invasion of Spain by Napoleon.
• 00:05:00 In this section, we learn about the Crisis of the Old Regime in Spain from 1788 to 1833. It begins with Napoleon forcing Ferdinand VII to return the crown and then imposing his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as King of Spain. This leads to the uprising of May 2, 1808, which marks the start of the War of Independence against France. The war is divided into several phases, with periods of French occupation and resistance from the Spanish guerrilla. With the help of the British, the Spanish eventually achieve victories, leading to the withdrawal of the French and the return of Ferdinand VII. The consequences of the war include high mortality rates, economic stagnation, destruction of infrastructure, political and economic dependence, and the loss of Spanish territories in the Americas. Politically, three main groups emerge: the afrancesados (pro-French), the liberals (advocating for reform while opposing French rule), and the absolutists (favoring a return to absolute monarchy). In response to the perceived void of authority, the Spanish formed provincial juntas to manage local politics, eventually leading to the establishment of a central junta and the convening of a Constituent Cortes in 1809.
• 00:10:00 In this section, we learn about the crisis of the Ancien Régime in Spain from 1788 to 1833. The Cortes, which consisted mostly of bourgeois businessmen, assumed sovereignty and enacted liberal laws to dismantle the economic and social barriers of the old regime. The Constitution of 1812 was approved, establishing a national sovereignty, division of powers, political representation, universal male suffrage, and a constitutional monarchy. However, in 1814, with the return of Ferdinand VII, absolutism was restored, leading to the Absolutist Sexennium from 1814 to 1820, marked by the abolition of the Constitution of Cadiz and the persecution of liberals. A major agrarian crisis and fiscal issues compounded the situation. The liberals plotted to overthrow the absolutist regime, and in 1820, the Liberal Triennium began with the acceptance of the liberal system by Ferdinand VII. However, internal divisions and foreign support for absolutism led to the downfall of the liberal period in 1823, with the intervention of the Holy Alliance and the subsequent decade of repression known as the Ominous Decade.
• 00:15:00 In this section, we learn that during the period from 1788 to 1833, Spain faced a crisis within the old regime. While some reforms were implemented, such as the creation of the Commercial Code and the Bank of San Fernando, and the elimination of the Basque and Navarre privileges, the absolutist sector expressed their discontent and showed sympathy for Don Carlos, the younger brother of Fernando VII. The situation becomes increasingly complicated, which will be explored in the next video.