Summary of Cultura de la Modernidad

00:00:00 - 00:15:00

The video discusses the idea of modernity, and how it is characterized by a culture of liberty. It also discusses how conflictuality is a central feature of the modern era, and how this is expressed in the concept of dialectics. Finally, it discusses how the idea of progress is a key feature of the modern experience.

• 00:00:00 The video discusses the cultural phenomenon of modernity, which refers to a period in European history in which humans began to redefine their view of life and the universe. Modernity is characterized by a culture of liberty, which is built upon the book. Reason and the written word are two key aspects of this culture. Another key factor is politics, which arises from the idea of human volition. Liberalism and communism are both products of modernity, and they are difficult to convince of something different. This leads to another characteristic of the persuadable, their firmness and the difficulty of persuading them of something different.
• 00:05:00 The video discusses the idea of "depth" in modernity, specifically the idea that a currency is a time-depth. Depth is understood as a foundation, solid and consistent in something. That depth is demonstrated in ideas rooted in feelings, rooted in customs, and what roots things are very difficult to change. However, the modernity gradually takes root, and is rather difficult to be changed. The modernity, while it has change and transformation, also sets up a process which opposes that model of change. As a result, the idea of permanence becomes very powerful, as does the idea of correctness, durability, and consistency. These values are seen as valuable by the modern man, leading him to believe in truth as a singular concept. Conflictuality is a central feature of the modern era, and is expressed in the concept of dialectics. One of the great philosophical concepts of the modern era, Hegel developed the concept of dialectics extensively and it can be summarized in the idea of the other in the same. Everything has a dual nature, and every circumstance generates its opposite. This leads to conflict, which gives it meaning and purpose. The idea of dialectics is central to the modern era, and the future is understood from
• 00:10:00 In Michel Foucault's analysis of punishment, it becomes apparent that within the modern disciplinary norm, freedom is a chimera. Modern culture's limited opportunities for freedom are offset by the value of freedom itself, which is an essential feature of the modern mode of life. The idea of freedom is pursued and rarely achieved, with penal retribution prevailing over freedom-seeking. However, another important factor in the modern conflict between liberty and security is the presence of the duty concept. The idea of duty puts responsibility for decisions outside of human control, and encourages the growth of the other in this dialectical relationship. Another cornerstone of the modern era, reason, also emerges as a key feature of the modern experience. The idea of progress is essentially a modern concept, seeing humanity as in a process of permanent evolution. It is a goal pursued by the modern person, giving purpose to their life. The utopian idea is one pursued by the modern, and gives meaning to their life.
• 00:15:00 The time of modernity is clearly the future; all action in society is speeding up toward the future and has a sense. Tomorrow is propelled forward from the past, resting on what is established but without paying attention to the present, a time of fleetingness that lacks importance because the future is what motivates the modern man. Or eventually fleeing the past, but never the present. In the future, what is important is not being delayed in the present. We are facing a man who looks to the future, a promising man. He is capable of everything, but this is only a tópical goal, not yet achievable. He will ultimately achieve it, but the dreams of modern reason produce monsters. At the middle of the 20th century, the faith in the future of the modern project begins to weaken. Modern reason begins to degrade from its supposed transcendence, becoming just a functional and pragmatic tool. It is at the middle of the 20th century that modern culture promises to achieve the utopian world of an ideal world, but leaves behind a trail of wars, violence, and genocides. The dreams of modernity end up producing a true nightmare, and this vision of life begins to be abandoned by a new cultural model that will supersede it.