Summary of APOPTOSIS Y NECROSIS

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This video discusses the difference between apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is a genetically regulated process that is responsible for eliminating unwanted or abnormal cells. Necrosis is a process of death that is caused by a traumatic injury or exposure to toxins.

• 00:00:00 Cellular suicide, also known as programmed cell death, is a series of molecular processes that lead to the death of the cell itself. It is a kind of self-suicide that occurs in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is a genetically regulated process dependent on energy that is responsible for eliminating unwanted or abnormal cells, for example, in human development during morphogenesis of organs and tissues. Cellular suicide eliminates unnecessary cells, such as those in the interdigital regions of fingers during hand and foot development, which results in the final form of human fingers. Apoptosis is also responsible for eliminating cells that have been damaged irreversibly by, for example, viruses and those potentially cancerous. The different biochemical pathways that activate the initiation of apoptosis can be external or internal, mediated by receptor proteins. The external pathway uses external signals to induce apoptosis, and examples of these signals include loss of growth factors, decreased levels of oxygen, and radiation. This pathway begins after the binding of ligands to specific receptors belonging to the family of death factors. Some of these ligands include the ligand Fas, the ligand inducer of apoptosis related to cnf, and the tumor-related ligand inducer of apoptosis, called the
• 00:05:00 The initiation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is thus signaled by signals originating from within the cell itself. The general pathway of the intrinsic apoptosis route is regulated by members of the bcl2 family of proteins. Such proteins include vih 3 bucks and back. The process is thus triggered by toxic signals, resulting in the over-regulation of the proteins bh 3 present in the cell's cytoplasm. These proteins detect these signals and move toward the external membrane of the mitochondria. There, they activate the pro-apoptotic proteins bucks and bach. Once activated, the proteins bucks and back join and cause the permeabilization of the external mitochondrial membrane. This then allows the release of pro-apoptotic factors from the cell. Mitochondrial apoptosis factors play a major role in this process; one of these factors is the citocromo c2 factor, which initiates apoptosis by inducing the activation of the pro-apoptotic protein, caspase 3. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge at the level of caspase 3 activation. The caspases are proteolytic enzymes that normally reside inactive within the cell, but are activated during the process of apoptosis initiation. They then direct the
• 00:10:00 Infections, such as Alzheimer's disease, can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as cancer. Resistance to this disease can also lead to tumors. Necrosis is a process of death, which is caused by a traumatic injury or exposure to toxins. ATP plays a role in necrosis, causing a dramatic loss of cell regulation, which results in an osmotic imbalance and cell death. This process attracts neighboring cells as well, leading to their death as well. It is common to find necrotic cells in areas where tumors are present. This process can also lead to an inflammatory response and a fibrous scar that deforms the affected organ.