Summary of UMBERTO ECO: APOCALÍPTICOS E INTEGRADOS I un análisis

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In his book, Apocalípticos e integrados, Umberto ECO discusses the relationship between art and society. He argues that art is a form of expression which showcases the individual's personality and period of history, as well as the cultural context in which it was created. Furthermore, art cannot be manipulated to be understood by everyone, ensuring that there will always be a dichotomy between "high" and "popular" art. Finally, ECO asserts that, in a democracy, art should be accessible to as many people as possible in order to raise their level of cultural awareness.

• 00:00:00 Humberto de Ccoo, a renowned expert on the Middle Ages, published Apocalípticos e integrados in 1965, when he was 32 years old. The book, which is split into several chapters, discusses popular culture and its products from a semiological perspective, analyzing comics such as Steve Canyon, Superman, and popular songs of the time. De Ccoo argues that apocalyptics are those who believe society is in decline and that culture is a sign of decay, while integrados are those who believe that society is going well and that we've never been better. The apocalyptics are elitist and believe that society is collapsing, while the integrados believe that everything is good and that society is expanding. This book is the first time a semiological and systematic analysis of popular culture has been carried out at an academic level. It can be used to analyze phenomena such as social media, video games, and Hollywood films. De Ccoo sees the two sides of the coin, stating that the optimistic ideology of the integrados is false and virtual.
• 00:05:00 Italian philosopher and author Umberto Eco discusses the concept of "apocalyptic and integrated" in his book, "The Name of the Rose." He argues that in our culture, which is dominated by mass media, there are three "cultures" that are the most cultured: the arts, popular music, and the worst films. The "high culture" is represented by works that seem to have all the requirements of an art today, but are, in fact, a parody, a depauperation, and a falsification, all serving commercial interests. The third culture is the real art, made by true artists, and it has nothing to do with the social class to which an artist belongs or their ideological beliefs. For these reasons, the products of the most cultured culture encourage a passive and critical view of the world, discouraging the individual's effort to acquire a new experience. The people of today always receive the same thing, only superficially changed, but they no longer interest themselves in this until they get tired of it and look for something else. Umberto Eco discusses the concept of "metaphorical reproduction" in relation to art in his book, and suggests that, in our day, a more "cultured" work is a TV
• 00:10:00 UMBERTO ECO's book, Apocalípticos e integrados, discusses the relationship between art and society. He argues that, even in a capitalist society, art can never be fully commercialized and remains, instead, a form of expression which showcases the individual's personality and period of history, as well as the cultural context in which it was created. Furthermore, art cannot be manipulated to be understood by everyone, ensuring that there will always be a dichotomy between "high" and "popular" art. Finally, ECO asserts that, in a democracy, art should be accessible to as many people as possible in order to raise their level of cultural awareness.