Summary of La ventana de observación del Telescopio Espacial James Webb

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

The video discusses the James Webb Space Telescope, which is a very sophisticated instrument that will allow for unprecedented research in the fields of astronomy and cosmology. The speaker, Dr. María de los Ángeles Peña Guerrero, will discuss the telescope's history and its capabilities. She will also talk about some of the professions involved in its construction and maintenance.

00:00:00 The video discusses the James Webb Space Telescope, which is a very sophisticated instrument that will allow for unprecedented research in the fields of astronomy and cosmology. The speaker, Dr. María de los Ángeles Peña Guerrero, will discuss the telescope's history and its capabilities. She will also talk about some of the professions involved in its construction and maintenance.
00:05:00 The video explains the James Webb Space Telescope, which was launched in 2021. Webb is the second administrator of NASA, and his name is commemorated in the telescope. Webb is about the size of a school bus and weighs 12 tons. Webb orbits L2, which is after the moon. Webb's primary mirror is 2.4 meters in diameter, and Webb's secondary mirror is 6.5 meters in diameter. Webb is composed of many small mirrors. The video also explains how light travels in waves, and how frequencies are proportional to the length of the wave. Finally, the video discusses how infrared light works.
00:10:00 This video discusses the difference between longitude of radio waves and gamma rays, and how small the former are. It explains that because of this, objects like large groups of radio waves can easily pass through many things, while gamma rays or ultraviolet rays (which are more directly absorbed by matter) are largely limited to passing through specific materials. This translates to things like students being able to see through things like gas and dust flames, as opposed to seeing only the light that is being emitted from the object. Infrared radiation, which is able to pass around particles and gas, is able to see things that are invisible to visible radiation. Telescopes that can see in both infrared and visible light are called "infrared telescopes."
00:15:00 The video discusses the theory of the Big Bang, which is the theory that best agrees with current observations of the universe. The idea is that there was a great explosion, and that here on Earth, hydrogen re-ionized. Then, galaxies and stars were born. The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to observe the very early universe, and it is hoped that its data will help to explain some of the mysteries of the universe, such as dark matter and the inflationary period.
00:20:00 The video discusses the construction of the James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to be launched in 2021. The telescope will be able to see farther and more clearly than any other telescope, allowing for a deeper understanding of the origins and evolution of galaxies, the search for planets around other stars, and the study of black and supernova stars. Web technology was developed specifically for use with space telescopes, allowing for applications such as improved vision therapy for people with eye diseases.
00:25:00 The Webb telescope has four instruments: the camera, the spectrometer, the near-infrared imager, and the infrared spectrometer. The camera is designed to take images at a resolution of 6-5 microns. The spectrometer is used to measure spectra at a range of wavelengths from 8-5 microns. The near-infrared imager is used to image planets and stars at a resolution of 5-27 microns. The infrared spectrometer is used to measure spectra at a range of wavelengths from 8-28 microns. The Webb telescope's main scientific goals are to study the formation and evolution of galaxies, to study the structure and dynamics of planetary systems, and to study the origins of life. These goals are ambitious, but achievable.
00:30:00 The video explains the steps involved in commissioning a telescope once it has been in space. Instrumentation must be checked and calibrated to ensure it is working optically, and once everything is working as expected, the telescope must be set to its operating temperature. Each instrument has an optimal temperature of operation, and the instrument must be transported to that temperature and maintained there in order to operate. Once the instrument is in that temperature, it must be checked to ensure it is functioning as expected. If there are no adjustments necessary, all of this is part of the commissioning process for a telescope. Finally, the telescope must be calibrated to ensure measurements taken are accurate. This video provides a brief overview of the first observations made with the James Webb Space Telescope, which were focused on exoplanets and galaxies through their gravitational fields and large-scale structures in the universe.
00:35:00 The video discusses the various filters used to create the images shown, which give the viewer a sense of what they would see if their eyes could see in infrared light. The images on the left side of the screen are of a star that has died, while the image on the right is of a nebula called "The Ring Nebula." The images on the top and bottom of the screen are of a cluster of stars called the "Stefan" Quintet, while the image in the middle is of a deep field image of the solar system. The video goes on to discuss how spectroscopy can be used to study the chemical makeup of galaxies, and how we can learn about the objects around us by studying their spectra.
00:40:00 The video discusses how studying many objects can help us develop statistics on how a particular object's composition varied over a particular distance. We also have ways of knowing or estimating the distance of objects we observe, but sometimes it's a difficult conversation. This is a curve of light from a planet. And this tells us about the composition of the atmosphere of this planet, which is outside of our solar system. We can see that for example, it has water molecules. If you want to see more images from different observatories' programs, they can be found on this website I linked below. Then, I'll say a few words about some of the professions involved in the development and maintenance of the James Webb Space Telescope. There are engineers in various engineering disciplines, such as mechanical, electrical, computer systems, material, civil, space, and many others. There are also seamstresses involved, who designed a special type of fabric to keep the telescope's shields in shape. These shields protect the telescope from the sun. There are physicists, chemists, and many other professionals involved in keeping the telescope functioning properly. And lastly, there are lawyers, many mathematicians, experts in communication, and communications experts. There are also experts
00:45:00 The video discusses the work done on the James Webb Space Telescope, which will be used to study the early universe. The narrator says that although the speed of the big bang is not heating us up, the theory is supporting the idea that it happened. If you tell someone that this theory is false, they are considered to be spreading fake news. The theory is also supporting the idea that other things, such as the scientific consensus, are not exactly true. A question from Raúl Olvera is where Carlos Romo can find more information on the products that were made for space usage, and other products that have been made but are now commonly used. Carlos Romo responds that, unfortunately, there is no cooperation between Mexico and the United States in terms of using the telescope. Guillermo Suarez asks which image taken by the telescope has impressed him the most today. Carlos Romo responds that the first image, taken when the telescope was focused for the first time, is the most impressive to him.
00:50:00 The video discusses the instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope, which is able to take images of stars that are otherwise unremarkable, and reveals that there are 200 galaxies around the star in the image. This discovery was made through a process of "integrating [different] signals" and was an unexpected surprise. Many questions remain unanswered about the star and its potential planets, but scientists are still exploring potential avenues of research.
00:55:00 The video discusses the James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to be launched in 2020. It describes the different instruments on the telescope and how they work together to produce an image. It also mentions the role of medical doctors on the project.

01:00:00 - 01:15:00

The James Webb Space Telescope is a powerful instrument that will be used to observe distant objects. Its efficient use of fuel is hoped to extend its lifespan by ten years or more. The telescope is currently being assembled in Chile.

01:00:00 The video discusses how the window of observation for the James Webb Space Telescope works and how the different filters allow for clearer viewing of certain colors. It also discusses how the telescope's code verifies that a target star is in the correct part of the telescope's field of view. The narrator, a member of the team that built the telescope, shares his experience of working on the project from start to finish. He notes that, while no one has ever seen a black hole, the theory is that white holes might be the "exit" for black holes.
01:05:00 The speaker explains that the James Webb Space Telescope is a powerful instrument that can detect evidence of life in the universe. She also mentions that two of the telescope's instruments, the Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and the Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Imager (NIRSI), are already being used to study Earth's atmosphere. One question for the audience is how they can participate in the telescope's research. The speaker provides information about a League of Proposal contest where the first three submissions will be rewarded with prizes.
01:10:00 The James Webb Space Telescope is in the process of cleaning data, which means that astronomers are only receiving initial observations. This is a pipeline of steps that must be followed in order to remove noise and simply leave as the scientific data that interests us. At the moment, we are in the process of doing an upgrade on this series of steps which, because we didn't have past simulations to work with, now involve real observations. This new imagery is being used to adjust this series of steps. So far, we are not at the results we are hoping for, but we are going forward nonetheless. Victor Centeno from the Institute of Astrophysics asks how long it takes to process a photo and send it out. From the time the photo is taken, I believe the telescope communicates with Earth every 10,000 seconds. There is a delay of days before these images pass through this series of steps to clean data and then it goes into the "Observations" file called "MUST" which is a virtual file that can be found on the internet. There are data that are public and people can download and view how these images are being processed. There are special programs needed to view images like this, for example, "ds9". This application can be used
01:15:00 This video discusses the James Webb Space Telescope, which is currently in the process of being assembled in Chile. The telescope will be used to observe distant objects, and its efficient use of fuel is hoped to extend its lifespan by ten years or more.