Summary of All about Genetics in an hour | Dr Shanmugapriya

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

This video discusses the basics of genetics, including nitrogenous bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, the formation of a polynucleotide chain, DNA replication, and application aspects of genetics. It also covers PCR and explains how it is used to replicate a segment of DNA.

  • 00:00:00 In this one-hour session, Dr Shanmugapriya will discuss genetics basics, including nitrogenous bases, nucleosides, nucleotides, the formation of a polynucleotide chain, DNA replication, and application aspects of genetics. All high yield MCQs will be covered. Attendance at the upcoming pg 2022 all India Marcus test is highly recommended, as is purchasing a plus subscription or iconic subscription to the academy platform.
  • 00:05:00 In this video, Dr. Shanmugapriya discusses genetics and the different types of nitrogenous bases. She explains that each base has a significance and that the major purine bases, adenine and guanine, are present in every polynucleotide chain. The minor purine bases, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid, have different significances.
  • 00:10:00 In this one-hour video, Dr. Shanmugapriya explains the different nucleotide bases and their chemistry. She also explains the linkage between monophosphate nucleotides and polynucleotide chains.
  • 00:15:00 This video discusses the role of genetics in understanding how molecules function. It explains that genetic information is found in the nucleotides of a polynucleotide chain and that the synthesis of a new strand of DNA begins with phi prime n and ends with three prime end.
  • 00:20:00 This video explains how chromosomes are composed of long, double-stranded DNA. Histones are basic proteins that help to condense the DNA into chromosomes. There are multiple types of histones, and chromosomes are composed of multiple histones.
  • 00:25:00 This video discusses the different types of histones, their role in chromosome formation, and how they are condensed together to create a chromosome. H1 histone is not present in a nucleosome, and is found in the linker fragment between nucleosomes.
  • 00:30:00 The Watson and Crick model of genetics states that there are seven possible confirmations that a DNA sequence can have. These confirmations are based on the complementary pairing of two DNA strands. The most common form of DNA is B type, which has 10 base pairs per turn.
  • 00:35:00 This video discusses the various types of genetic confirmation and their purposes. It explains that z type is a special type of genetic confirmation that is only seen in left-handed helices. It also mentions that denaturation can be done by increasing or decreasing the temperature, by increasing or decreasing the salt concentration, or by breaking hydrogen bonds. The melting temperature, or the temperature at which 50% of the given DNA can undergo unwinding, is directly proportional to the GC content and inversely proportional to the AT content.
  • 00:40:00 PCRs involve the amplification of a DNA sequence multiple times. The process requires the presence of a DNA polymerase and deoxyribonucleotides, which are attached to one another by a triphosphate linkage. The annealing temperature is variable, and depends on the particular PCR technique being used.
  • 00:45:00 PCR is a technique used to replicate a segment of DNA. The first step is denaturation, which is the removal of the double helix. Next, the dna polymerase enzyme elongates new strands, requiring a primer. Finally, you add the desired primers, and the process of replication begins.
  • 00:50:00 This 1-hour video explains the basics of genetics andPCR. Primers are chosen to be complementary only to flanking sequences, and the annealing temperature is adjusted to avoid non-specific amplification.
  • 00:55:00 The video discusses the steps of PCR and their corresponding temperatures. It explains that the annealing temperature should be 59, but that you don't have to blindly follow any of the guides available because the melting temperature of primers can differ depending on their sequences. The third step of PCR, elongation, is also described, and it is explained that the Thermostable DNA Polymerase should be used for this because the human DNA polymerase is not the most stable. Finally, the risk of contracting SARS is explained, and it is mentioned that the process of reverse transcriptase PCR is used to amplify the virus.

01:00:00 - 01:35:00

This video provides an overview of genetics, discussing the genetic code, the properties of genetic code, and the implications of genetics for human health. It explains how the genetic code can be susceptible to mutations, and how this can impact human health.

  • 01:00:00 This video covers the basics of genetics and PCR, including the use of stackman probes and cycle threshold (ct) values. It explains that siRNA can cause gene knockdown, and that the answer to the previous question is gene knockdown.
  • 01:05:00 The video discusses how siRNA can interfere with gene expression at different levels, including translation. It explains that siRNA is a form of regulation of gene expression, and that when an inflammatory focus is removed, the mrnas will not be translated into proteins.
  • 01:10:00 The video discusses the different types of gene editing, including Crispr-mediated gene editing. It explains that Crispr-mediated gene editing can result in knockouts or knockins.
  • 01:15:00 This YouTube video discusses the differences between genetic code in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, and the importance of mitochondrial DNA in human biology. It also explains why mitochondrial DNA is more susceptible to mutations.
  • 01:20:00 The genetic code is degenerate, non-overlapping, and coded for by only 61 of 64 codons. These three properties make it prone to mutation. degeneracy is explained by the wobble phenomenon.
  • 01:25:00 The video discusses the genetic rules that are known to already be familiar to the viewer. It goes on to explain how degeneracy can occur, and how the polarity of a mRNA molecule can affect the way it is translated.
  • 01:30:00 The genetic code is universal, non-overlapping, and degenerate, with two exceptions: methionine and tryptophan.
  • 01:35:00 This video provides an overview of genetics, including the genetic code, the properties of genetic code, and the implications of genetics for human health.

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