Summary of SESIÓN 1 | El origen de la política

00:00:00 - 00:15:00

This video discusses the origins of politics and argues that it is a necessary part of human life. The speaker goes on to discuss different philosophical questions related to politics, such as the legitimacy of different political systems and the role of power in early societies. Towards the end of the video, the speaker talks about how the origin of politics can be seen in the rise of one ruler in early societies.

• 00:00:00 This video discusses the origins of politics and discusses some of the philosophical questions that can be raised about it. The speaker introduces the topic by asking a question that seems simple but turns out to be not so clear after all: has politics always existed, or not? From this, they move on to discuss questions related to the philosophy of politics, such as: what makes up political life? What types of power exist and are they all equal? And, finally, what are the benefits of having many different political systems? Throughout the talk, the speaker keeps bringing up philosophical questions that relate to the topic of politics. They go on to discuss the legitimacy issue in early societies, and how it can be seen in examples such as the role of shamans in tribal societies. They also talk about the relationship between power and religion in early societies, and how it can be seen in the case of kings and priests. Towards the end of the talk, the speaker talks about how the legitimacy issue can be seen in the origins of cities, and how it often leads to the rise of one ruler.
• 00:05:00 This video discusses the origins of political systems, focusing on Ancient Greece. It discusses the different types of political systems, including absolute monarchy, representative democracy, and anarchist systems. It also discusses the role of the ruler in these systems, and how democracy and monarchy originated in Ancient Greece.
• 00:10:00 According to the video, politics is indirect, opposed to democracy, and would be an example of aristocracy. The Greek word "aristos" means "the best," and refers to the government of the best, as history has shown there have been moments in which a social class called "aristocracy" has existed. This term is understood to refer to things like one's lineage of blood, being of a noble family, or having certain powers due to being born into a certain type of family. These concepts can be used to orient oneself in the political spectrum, and can be expanded from many perspectives, such as talking about left vs. right, liberalism vs. socialism, or the differences between communism and anarchism. We will continue to focus on the topic of the origin of politics in this session, and reference two concepts from Aristotelian philosophy: ecosocial dependence and ethical consciousness. As beings that are aware and rational, we can ask ourselves questions about why we organize ourselves the way we do, and how we can improve our political system. Politics has its origins in our capacity to ask these kinds of questions. The video reminds us that humans are animals that are political, and that in terms of rationality and moral consciousness, we can ask questions about why we organize
• 00:15:00 According to this quote, politics is really a war, but with other means. Necessarily conflictive, it can be lived outside of politics for a long time in this topic, we'll see different responses to this question from different political theories. We'll talk about Plato's political theory, Maquiavelo's turn-of-the-century political philosophy, and issues related to political philosophy today. To understand what political problems we can have today, when there is barely any distance between different countries on the planet, we conclude this first session on political philosophy with this topic. Keep in mind that we are getting closer to summer, as always. Thanks for being here and we'll see you soon in the next session.