Summary of Capitulo IX. Arturo Frondizi y Arturo Illia.

00:00:00 - 00:25:00

This video discusses the presidencies of Arturo Frondizi and Arturo Illia, who were both ousted in military coups. Frondizi was a moderate politician who believed in democracy, while Illia was a radical who believed that political crises could only be resolved within a democracy. Their differing political styles resulted in them being largely ignored by the public. However, their union, the Civic Radical Union, helped to unite the various factions of Peronism and distance them from Frondizi and Illia's respective presidencies.

• 00:00:00 In 1947, President Arturo Frondizi was overthrown in a military coup, and he was transferred to the island of Martin Garcia. He will stay confined there until a new notice. General Arturo Illia is expelled from the presidency, and a planned campaign organized through the media has deteriorated Frondizi's image and prepared the population for the coup. Leader of the uprising, Juan Carlos Onganía, assumes power. This is the first democratic government in post-Peronist Argentina. Arturo Umberto Illia was born on August 4, 1900, in the province of Buenos Aires. His father, Martin Illia, was an immigrant from the Lombardy region of Italy, and his mother, Emma Francesconi, was from Liguria. Frondizi was educated at the University of Buenos Aires, where he earned a degree in law while he was also studying medicine. On September 6, 1930, a coup d'état led by General José Félix Urriburu displaced the president, Radical Hipólito Yrigoyen, from office. This event also affected Arturo Frondizi, who was working as a doctor at the railway workshops near Cross of the Eje. As a result
• 00:05:00 Arturo Frondizi was elected president of the Radical Party in 1953 and promoted the idea of a democratic political and social system that would address the needs of workers. On June 16, 1955, a sublevation led by sectors of the navy bombed the Plaza de Mayo and the government house at night, and Peronist groups burned major churches in central Buenos Aires the next day. The following day, however, the peronists were unable to quell the uprising and invited opponents to present their ideas on national television. Frondizi, however, did not believe that opening up the opposition would restore peace. On September 16, a coup d'état-militar, commonly known as the "revolutionary liberator," deposed the peronist government. This event began a period of great political instability in Argentina. In 1957, the military government called for constitutional elections, with the intent of annulling the reformist Constitution promulgated by the Peronist Party in 1949. The election, however, sparked a fierce struggle for candidacies, involving both the Peronist and anti-Peronist factions within the UCR. Finally, in November 1956, the divided Auerre fell apart within the Unión Cív
• 00:10:00 In this video, former opposition leader Arturo Frondizi discusses his decision to join the government in order to keep the Catholic Church as an ally. He also discusses the 1958 law regulating private universities vs. public universities, which led to a conflict within the Peronist Party. In January 1959, Frondizi announces his visit to the United States, which leads to a conflict within the Peronist Party. He eventually resigns due to pressure from the military. The economy is experiencing a new crisis due to the scarcity of foreign currency, which prompts the government to ask for international financial assistance in return for a loan. This caused a conflict between the pro-private university Peronists and the radical anti-Peronists within the Peronist Party, which led to Frondizi's resignation.
• 00:15:00 This video covers the presidency of Arturo Frondizi, who was elected in 1958 on the promise to end the Peronist-Military conflict. However, within a month of taking office, Frondizi was forced to accept a military coup and resign. This led to a months-long period of political instability, during which various Peronist groups carried out terrorist attacks against union committees in the radical left. In February of 1959, the military presented themselves to President Frondizi demanding that labor minister Frigerio be dismissed and that any connections to Peronism be ended. Soon, Frigerio was accepted and ordered to resign on June 12th, 1961. The full text of the Peronist-Frondizi Pact was read on Radio Rivadavia the same day. The military began planning the future coup while Frondizi replaced officials in an attempt to appease the military. Alvaro Alsogaray, a very close ally of the military, was appointed Minister of Economy in March of 1960. Alsogaray promised that after a fiscal adjustment, the situation would improve by wintertime. However, in September, the increase in the cost of living and salary freezes combined with Project Censant
• 00:20:00 In 1963, the military gave the victory to the blue side, and then President Frondizi appointed Juan Carlos Ongania as the head of the army. It seemed like calm had returned to the military sphere, but in April 1963, a new uprising occurred led by the Coloradoans. The fighting continued until again the blue side emerged victorious. Finally, the interim government called elections within the Radical Civic Union (UCR), which was an intransigent, leftist party. Arturo Frondizi, a moderate politician, believed in democracy as a system to solve the country's problems. His physical and provincial style of speaking turned him into a laughingstock among the media and the opposition. His political vision was centered on a subtle respect for institutions and laws, and although he did not control the Congress, he granted UCR a central role in his own party's efforts to pressure him to reinstate the military. While the president was pushing forward favorable policies for workers, such as the minimum wage and price controls, his opponent in the elections, Augusto Vándor, was the leader of the Argentine Peronism's largest union. Vándor was Arturo Illia's principal opposition when, at the beginning of 1964,
• 00:25:00 In 1966, Arturo Illia, the president of Argentina, was deposed in a coup led by General Arturo Frondizi. Although he had only been in office for three years, Illia's exit from power left the country in an economically delicate situation and with his wife very ill. The only asset Illia had was his home in the center of Cordoba. Six years later, Frondizi and Illia continued their political careers but gradually shifted away from the spotlight. Frondizi continued to support Peronism from the movement of Integration and Development, while Illia continued to disseminate his idea that political crises can only be resolved within a democracy. On January 18, 1983, Frondizi died of a heart attack at the age of 77. Thousands of people attended his funeral, demonstrating the country's impending return to democracy. Six years later, on April 18, 1995, Illia also died. Their differing political styles resulted in Frondizi and Illia being largely ignored by the public. However, their union, the Civic Radical Union, helped to unite the various factions of Peronism and distance them from Frondizi and Illia's respective presidencies. The Peron