Summary of Capitulo 15. Revolucion Libertadora y Resistencia Peronista.

00:00:00 - 00:25:00

This video discusses the events of the Argentine Revolution of 1956, which saw the rise of the militant, inorganic Peronist movement. These actions include small sabotage operations, such as hacking into a machine or form of protest action collectively, such as taking work off for a few minutes and singing the Peronist march. Many members of the resistance groups begin to form internal commissions within the factories, forming alliances with other labor sectors.

• 00:00:00 On June 9, 1956, a military uprising led by General Juan Jose Valle aimed to overthrow the dictatorship of General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu and allow the return of Juan Domingo Perón. The uprising was quickly suppressed, with many civilians and military conspirators being captured and executed. Dance managed to escape and find refuge in a friend's house, and within hours, the military decreeed martial law and ordered the execution of the rebels captured. Within days, nearly 30 civilians and military were killed. Valle was sentenced to death and executed in mid-1955, sparking a power struggle between President Juan Domingo Perón and his political opponents. On June 11, 1955, the day of Corpus Christi, the main leaders of the Radicalism, Socialism, and the Democratic Progressive Party (PDP) marched in front of Buenos Aires Cathedral alongside Catholic militiamen and thousands of civilians opposed to the government. This event constituted the largest popular demonstration against the government ever held. Five days later, anti-Peronist factions of the Navy and Air Force made their displeasure with the government known in the most violent way possible. On June 16, 1955, an squadron of 30 bombers departed from the naval base in Point Indio toward Buenos Aires.
• 00:05:00 In September 1955, a military coup d'état led by Lieutenant General Eduardo Lonardi ousted President Juan Domingo Perón from power. Perón, who had escaped the fury of his opponents, fled to Paraguay, where he took up exile and began a long, unsuccessful exile that would eventually see him far from Argentina. The coup marked the beginning of a long, dictatorial period in Argentine history, during which the military held tight control over politics. In particular, the two political factions vying for power - the pro-Perón faction, led by Lonardi, and the hardline anti-Perón faction, led by Admiral Isaac Rojas - were starkly delineated. The pro-Perón faction sought to reconcile with some of the political and labor leaders of Perón's Peronist party, while the hardliners sought to crush Perón and impose a fascist dictatorship. The military, which comprised a large majority of the revolutionary government, was firmly in support of the hardliners. In a matter of weeks, the military had captured most of the country's major cities. On September 16, 1955, General Jorge Videla, head of the military junta, took control of Buenos Aires and proclaimed the Argentine Republic a dictatorship, with
• 00:10:00 In this video, the president of Argentina, Eduardo Lonardi, discusses the 1954-55 Revolution Libertadora with political leaders Alfredo Palacios and Alicia Moreau de Justo. Soon after, they decide to distance their images from the military government, taking a critical stance during the months of September and October of 1955. The nationalistic wing of the Revolution Libertadora, embodied by President Lonardi, directs government policies throughout the year in an effort to create dialogue with labor unions the military decides not to intervene. The government then appoints labor lawyer Louis Serr Root as Minister of Labor, and Kosta Asesor Legal for several Peronist unions. Meanwhile, the bland wing of the government tries to negotiate with leaders of the CGT commandos Civiles Armados, composed of radical socialist young people, attacking Peronist offices. Soon, the interests of the conflicting sectors of the government increase political attention and encourage Peronist militancy to think about a possible counterattack. On November 15, 1955, President Lonardi is replaced by General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, and the new government begins a policy of persecution and persecution of the Peronist party. This policy of de-Peronization includes the dissolution
• 00:15:00 This video provides a history of the Argentine Revolution of 1956, which saw the rise of the militant, inorganic Peronist movement. These actions include small sabotage operations, such as hacking into a machine or form of protest action collectively, such as taking work off for a few minutes and singing the Peronist march. Many members of the resistance groups begin to form internal commissions within the factories, forming alliances with other labor sectors Prohibited by the military government at the end of 1956, several members of the Communist party join the resistance initiatives and form the inter-union commission with Peronists and Communists attempting to pressure the government to let them participate in the regular congress of the General Confederation of Labor (CGT) take place in 1957. Parallel to the reorganization of the Argentine labor movement, several former union leaders and activists form groups known as commandos of the resistance. These commandos conduct protests and represent the Peronist party's revolutionary wing, carrying out actions of support for the party, such as flying a Peronist banner at clandestine rallies or detonating homemade explosives called "peronist canes" (Peronist rods). One of the main promoters of the commandos of the resistance is attorney and former congressman John William Cooke, who is highly
• 00:20:00 In 1957, the government of the Argentine Revolution Libertadora tries to create the conditions for a possible political opening, which includes a constitutional reform to abolish the Peronist constitution of 1949. The Peronist unions, which had been suppressed by the previous government, begin to recover leadership positions within major unions, and two political lines begin to form: one, led by hard-line union leaders like Sebastián Borro and José Alonso, who maintain a staunch attitude toward the government and hope to use the unions as a bargaining tool to stop Peronist policies of persecution and repression; and the other, more conciliatory line, whose leaders are dedicated to establishing contacts with sectors of the military to strengthen their positions against a possible political opening. Among these latter leaders is metalworker Augusto Timoteo Vándor, who tries to promote a democratic exit from the military government. In February 1958, after Peronism is proscribed and the Peronist parties are unable to field their own candidates, many see Ricardo Balbín, the winner of the 1957 election as the likely winner of the presidential election. However, Arturo Frondizi, the main opponent of Balbín and a candidate for president of the transitional government, manages
• 00:25:00 Rojelio Frigerio is a key collaborator of Arturo Frondizi, the main candidate in the 1958 Argentine elections. Frigerio travels to Venezuela to discuss electoral cooperation with John William Cooke, the personal delegate of Peron. The goal of the meeting is to negotiate a pact with Peron that would allow Frondizi to win the election under the promise of lifting proscription of Peronism. a few days before the election, Peron from his exile in Dominican Republic advises his followers to vote for Frondizi's front-running and Gomis electoral ticket. However, at first Frondizi had supported the insurgency strategy of the commandos of the resistance and repeated strikes by hard-line unionists, so he decides to give his votes to Frondizi fearing that his non-participation in the election would end his political career. On February 23, 1958, with the support of a significant part of the electorate, Frondizi is elected with the FRONDIZI/GOMIS ticket, defeating the UNION CIVICA RADICAL OF THE PEOPLE (UCRP). After the election, more than 800,000 votes were cast in blank ballots, indicating the absence of a