Summary of Charla: Malnutrición infantil a cargo del docente, Dr. Albert Chavez

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the different types of malnutrition in Ecuador and how they are evaluated using growth curves. The Ministry of Public Health uses the growth curves developed by WHO to diagnose acute malnutrition, chronic malnutrition, and global malnutrition. Dr. Chavez explains how to interpret and mark points on the various growth curves, including weight for age, weight for length/height, BMI for age, and length for age, and emphasizes the importance of accurate interpretation to identify malnutrition in children. He also discusses the use of growth channels and trend curves in children's check-up records to diagnose potential risks or problems.

00:00:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez talks about the different types of malnutrition in Ecuador and how they are evaluated using growth curves. The Ministry of Public Health uses the growth curves developed by WHO to diagnose acute malnutrition (a deficiency in weight for height), chronic malnutrition (a delay in height for age), and global malnutrition (deficit in weight for age). These curves are available for both boys and girls, and are used in combination with other indicators to assess the nutritional status of children in Ecuador. Dr. Chavez also discusses the importance of interpreting the growth curves correctly and the free resources available for training in growth assessment.
00:05:00 provides us with a growth pattern for evaluation, and in this section, we learn how to use that pattern to give diagnoses. The video discusses how to mark points for growth indicators, such as weight, length, and head circumference. The example shown includes a graph that represents weight for children aged 0-6 months, with the horizontal axis representing age and the vertical axis representing weight in kilograms. The video explains how to locate the point on the graph that corresponds to a child's age and weight, and emphasizes the importance of marking the point on the correct line to ensure accurate interpretation of the data.
00:10:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses a growth chart for infants and children and how to properly interpret and use it. The growth chart includes horizontal lines representing age and vertical lines representing intervals of time. When graphing a child's measurements, it is important to use the exact age in months or weeks and to mark the point as accurately as possible on the chart. The chart is then used to track growth over time, as illustrated by an example with Anna's height measurements at three different visits.
00:15:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the different growth curves used to monitor the development of children, including the curves for length/height for age and weight for age. He emphasizes that while the weight for age curve can indicate low or severe underweight, it is not a tool for identifying or diagnosing overweight or obesity in children. Additionally, he explains how to accurately mark the curve for weight for age, using the example of a child named Roberto, and stresses the importance of connecting the points on the growth curves to get an accurate reflection of the child's growth over time.
00:20:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the use of the weight-for-length/height curve, which is helpful in cases where age is unknown, such as in orphans or children whose age is not known. This curve gives similar diagnostic information as the body mass index curve for age, which is shown in another chart. Dr. Chavez also explains how to read and interpret the charts and what the different lines represent, and emphasizes the importance of accuracy in using the weight-for-length/height curve.
00:25:00 In this section, the speaker explains how to mark points on the curve of the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and how to interpret growth curves, which will be used to diagnose malnutrition in children. The speaker also introduces the concept of standard deviation, which is used to determine if a child's BMI is above, below, or within the expected range for their age. A table with reference BMI values is provided to aid in the diagnosis process. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding and interpreting growth curves to prevent and manage childhood malnutrition.
00:30:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez explains how to interpret growth curves and gives diagnoses based on them. He explains that in terms of z-score, if a point is found between -1 and -2, it is below one standard deviation, and if it is between -2 and -3, it is below two standard deviations, and below -3 means it is below three standard deviations. When the point is below the mean, it is considered low and referred to as chronic malnutrition. Baja talla, which means low height for age, is a type of chronic malnutrition, commonly found in children in Peru due to diets based on carbohydrates like rice and potatoes. The risk factor for children with chronic malnutrition is that they may develop overweight or obesity.
00:35:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez explains the criteria for diagnosing malnutrition due to stature in children. He indicates that the Ministry of Public Health issues an Integral Health Booklet, which records a child's growth history from birth to 6 years of age. Growth curves are used to determine normality, and a child is considered normal if their height is above 2 standard deviations from the mean. Children whose height is two standard deviations below the mean are considered short and are diagnosed with stunted growth. It's important to note that a child is only diagnosed with short stature when they are at least 3 standard deviations below the mean.
00:40:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez explains how to interpret growth charts for children to identify any potential health issues. He discusses the different ranges for height and weight, and how to determine if a child falls within specific categories such as overweight, underweight, or severely underweight. He explains that the weight for age curve indicates global malnutrition and cannot be used to diagnose overweight or obesity. Additionally, he notes that if a child falls below the -2 mark on the weight for height or BMI for age curves, it is considered severe malnutrition and requires immediate attention.
00:45:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the different categories of malnutrition and how to identify them using growth curves. He emphasizes that a child that falls below -1 standard deviation in weight for length or BMI for age is not just mildly malnourished, but at risk of progressing to moderate or severe malnourishment. He also discusses how to identify children at risk of overweight or obesity using the same growth curves, and how to identify microcephaly by measuring head circumference. Children classified as having microcephaly require specialized medical evaluation.
00:50:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the different diagnostic curves for malnutrition in children, which include weight for age, weight for length, and length for age. He gives examples of each curve and explains how to interpret them, including how to determine if a child is considered underweight, normal, or overweight. He also talks about the importance of understanding these curves and how they can help identify malnutrition in children.
00:55:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses ways to interpret growth trends in children's check-up records. He explains the use of growth channels and how children should maintain a consistent channel to indicate normal growth. Dr. Chavez also highlights different growth trend curves that suggest risks, such as when a child's growth curve crosses a Z-score line, or when there is a significant increase or decrease in growth. He emphasizes the importance of careful evaluation and diagnosis, as a growth trend may suggest a problem or risk, but further assessment is needed to determine whether it is a significant issue.

01:00:00 - 01:15:00

In this video, Dr. Albert Chavez explains the diagnosis of malnutrition in children based on weight and height measurements, emphasizing the importance of tracking growth curves and identifying risk factors early on. He provides examples of growth deviations due to illness, metabolic changes, or changes in diet, and discusses the concept of compensatory growth. Dr. Chavez also highlights the different curves to use based on age and sex and notes that weight-for-age alone cannot diagnose overweight or obesity. He concludes by reviewing different types of malnutrition, including acute and chronic forms.

01:00:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the diagnosis of malnutrition in children based on their weight and height measurements. He explains that if a child's weight is below two standard deviations for their age, then the diagnosis is underweight. However, he notes that if the child is improving and returning to a normal weight, then it is not a problem. Dr. Chavez also highlights the importance of tracking a child's growth curve and intervening early when there is a rapid decline or stagnation in growth. He emphasizes that a thorough medical history is crucial for identifying potential risk factors and intervening before a child develops serious health problems.
01:05:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses a case wherein a child's weight was decreasing and went from being above the 2nd standard deviation for weight to being in the normal range. The child was initially diagnosed with overweight when he was 85 cm tall and weighed around 14.5 kg. However, in the latest check-up, the child's height increased to 120 cm and his weight was in the average range, indicating positive growth. Although there were some risks involved in the child's growth, Dr. Chavez suggests that the overall trend is favorable towards the child's health.
01:10:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses the growth curve for children and uses examples to illustrate how deviations in weight and growth can occur due to various factors such as illness, changes in diet, and metabolic changes. He also explains the concept of compensatory growth, where children experience rapid growth after a bout of illness or weight loss, and the importance of monitoring a child's BMI and growth trend to prevent the risk of obesity in the future.
01:15:00 In this section, Dr. Albert Chavez discusses how to interpret growth curves and properly diagnose a child's nutritional status. He emphasizes the importance of understanding which curves to use based on the child's age and sex, as well as the need to find the exact point of intersection on the growth chart. He also notes that the weight-for-age curve alone cannot diagnose overweight or obesity, and urges healthcare providers to compare weight to length or other indicators to accurately diagnose a child's nutritional status. Finally, he reviews the different types of malnutrition, including acute and chronic forms.