Summary of El Vanguardismo

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In the early 20th century, as a result of World War I and the rise of Marxist economics, several "vanguard" movements arose in reaction to traditional ways of understanding reality. These movements experimented with art and eventually broke down the barriers between different artistic disciplines. Some of the most prominent "vanguard" movements in 20th century literature are existentialism and surrealism.

• 00:00:00 In this video, we'll see the movement that breaks with traditional and the past, called "vanguardism." In the early 20th century, World War I begins, and humanity starts to question the apparent progress of capitalism. Marxist economics leads to the rise of Soviet Union, during this time, psychology develops when Freudian unconscious is introduced. New media such as cars, transportation, and technology allows for new ways of understanding reality, and as a result, several "vanguard" movements arise that reject what was already established or traditional. The "vanguard" is, therefore, a group of artistic schools that break with traditional canon, and presents a rupture with the past. They seek the new, experiment with art, and eventually disappear the limits between arts. Some of the most prominent "vanguard" movements in 20th century literature are existentialism, in which writing is seen as a responsibility, and surrealism, which breaks with representational art and uses images from the unconscious instead. Futurism, founded in Italy, rejects the past primarily in museums and exalted machine as the maximum exponent of beauty, referring to technology and speed. Ultraism, a reaction to modernism, appeared in Spain and America in literature, which opposes rules and develops free