Summary of ERVD | La Inquisición: intolerancia religiosa y fanatismo deshumanizador

00:00:00 - 00:35:00

This section of the YouTube video titled "ERVD | La Inquisición: intolerancia religiosa y fanatismo deshumanizador" discusses the background and history of the Spanish Inquisition . The speaker provides an overview of the persecution and executions carried out by the Inquisition, and argues that modern nitpickers deny these events or exaggerate them. The speaker also highlights the impact of the Spanish Inquisition on other countries and religions, and how the root of religious intolerance can be traced back to early Christian missionaries. He discusses the role of political support and the influence of the Church on the Inquisition, and emphasizes the ongoing debate regarding the ethics of the Inquisition. The section also delves into specific aspects of the Inquisition, including torture methods and punishments, its expansion to include other perceived enemies of the Church, and the establishment of branches in different parts of the world. The speaker discusses the notorious cases of the Carvajal family and other heretics who were persecuted and burned at the stake. Additionally, discussions on the death toll inflicted during the Inquisition, the lasting impact of the Spanish conquest on indigenous populations, and the wider influence of colonialism are also covered. The video concludes by asserting that the lessons learned from the Spanish Inquisition are still applicable today, particularly in the context of religious extremism and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The speaker calls for a critical analysis of history and a fundamental rethinking of religious intolerance and fanaticism.

• 00:00:00 In this section, Mauricio José Adsuar introduces the topic of the Spanish Inquisition, acknowledging that while there may be some exaggerations about its severity, it should not be ignored or dismissed as a harmless club. He mentions that today, militant Catholics try to deny the horrors of the Inquisition, using a fervent nationalist and religious passion. To understand the history of the Inquisition, Adsuar explains the context of religious tolerance in ancient times and the arrival of Christianity in Europe. He highlights that persecution for religious reasons is a relatively recent invention and that in ancient times, religion was closely tied to ethnicity, empire, and city. However, Christianity introduced a new approach, claiming to have the absolute truth for all human beings, regardless of their tribe or nationality.
• 00:05:00 In this section of the YouTube video, the speaker discusses the historical background of the Inquisition, specifically its origins and how it evolved over time. The Inquisition was a period of intense persecution against anyone who was seen as a threat to the Catholic Church's power and authority. This included individuals who held dissenting religious beliefs, as well as those who were accused of witchcraft, heresy, and other crimes. The speaker mentions that the first persecution organized against the Christians was during the reign of Nerón, who blamed the Christians for the burning of Rome in 64 CE and subjected them to extreme punishment. However, following the conversion of Emperor Constantine I to Christianity, the persecution of Christians decreased, and in 312 CE he issued the Edict of Milan, which recognized the rights of Christians to practice their religion. The speaker goes on to discuss how Constantine's conversion marked a significant turning point in the history of Christianity, as it paved the way for the spread of the religion throughout the Roman Empire and beyond. The Edict of Milan also established Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, with those who continued to practice paganism being subject to severe persecution and punishment. Overall, the Inquisition was a period of religious intolerance and fanaticism that ultimately led to the destruction of countless lives and the rise of new religions and denominations. The speaker argues that the roots of the Inquisition can be traced back to the early Christian missionaries, who sought to spread their message and convert others to their way of thinking.
• 00:10:00 In this section of the video, the speaker discusses the history of religious tolerance and fanaticism. They begin by noting that the negation or doubt of religious beliefs as decreed by the Church was considered heretical, and that religious freedom was not granted to all. They argue that this led to an increased focus on authority and the suppression of non-conformist beliefs. The speaker then delves into the rise of the Inquisition, which became increasingly brutal in its pursuit of heretics, and highlights the role of political support in legitimizing its methods. They conclude by noting the ongoing debate surrounding the morality of the Inquisition, and the ways in which its methods continue to be seen as un violation of basic human rights.
• 00:15:00 In this section of the video, the speaker discusses the role of the Inquisition in medieval and Renaissance Europe. The Inquisition was established by the Spanish monarchy in 1478, with the mission of persecuting "falsos conversos" or Jews who had pretended to convert to Christianity. However, the speaker notes that the Inquisition quickly expanded its remit to include other perceived enemies of the Catholic Church, and became known for its use of torture and other abuses of power. Despite its reputation, the speaker argues that the Inquisition did not always act with evil intentions and that some inquisitors, such as Blas Pascal, were known for their compassion and concern for the souls of heretics. The Spanish and English kingdoms are noted as being the only ones without inquisitors or at least without them visiting periodically.
• 00:20:00 In this section, the video discusses the torture methods and punishments used by the Spanish Inquisition. If the accused did not confess or confessed to additional heresies, they would be subject to torture, including methods such as the rack, thumbscrews, and the Iron Maiden, although the latter is actually a fictionalized version created in the 19th century. The punishment could range from wearing a "san benito" garment, a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, loss of property, or even death by strangulation or decapitation, followed by burning the body. Estimates vary on the number of executions carried out by the Spanish Inquisition, with some saying it was as few as 2,000 and others suggesting it could be as high as 300,000. The debate over the true number of victims and the nature of the Spanish conquest of the Americas further complicates the discussion.
• 00:25:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition in the New Spain in 1571, which was dedicated to persecuting Jews and local heretics. They mention the case of the Carvajal family, a prominent family of Jewish converts who were accused and sentenced to death by the Inquisition. The horrors and tortures of the New Spain Inquisition are known through the secret diaries of Luis Carvajal, who was also eventually burned at the stake. The speaker also notes that there were other Inquisition tribunals in Lima, Cartagena de Indias, Chile, and Río de la Plata, all operating similarly to the "house headquarters" in Spain. The Roman Inquisition, focused on combating Protestant heresies, also played a role in persecuting heretics, burning books, and monitoring priests who were deemed as thinking too much or reading too much. However, with the rise of the Enlightenment in the 18th century and the French Revolution, the Inquisition began to be seen as a lost cause, leading to its eventual demise.
• 00:30:00 In this section, the video discusses the reimplantation of the Spanish Inquisition during the restoration of Ferdinand VII, which targeted priests who were married or had children and potentially inherited church assets. The Inquisition continued to exist until 1834 and was renamed as the Holy Office in 1908. However, it remained active until the late 19th century, although it no longer prosecuted anyone. The video compares the number of deaths during the Inquisition to those in Nazi concentration camps, emphasizing that the intention and systematic persecution were more important than the numbers themselves. The video also highlights that while the Inquisition did not directly kill anyone except in rare cases, the torture, executions, and false accusations resulted in the suffering and loss of many innocent people. The collaboration between the temporal power and the Church in the fight against heresy is also discussed.
• 00:35:00 In this section of the video, the speaker discusses the inquisition and its extremes. The speaker mentions that many people believe that the visual image of the inquisition is derived from religious fanaticism and leadership. The argument presented is that the justification of fanaticism comes from ignorance and arrogance. The author cites the errors of the hate speech committed during the service of truth, the use of methods that are not based on the gospel and that are cruel and dehumanizing, and the assertion that fanaticism justifies the need to commit atrocities in the name of God. The author also discusses the example of the persecution of Buddhists, Muslims, Uighurs, Jews, and Gypsies. The suggestion is that the inquisition of the past is comparable to the barbaric behavior of Islamic fundamentalists today. However, the author also points out that the same brutality and dehumanization occurred in the Christian churches, including the Catholic Church and Protestant Churches in Europe. The speaker also emphasizes that religion has led to the unchecked and unlimited right to act inhumanely and unjustly. The contrary of fanaticism in religion is reason, harmony, and respect for rights and freedoms of all individuals. The author uses historical examples such as the persecution of Giordano Bruno and reminds us that in the past, the inquisition and hate speech were justified and tolerated, resulting in the deaths of many. The author emphasizes the need to remember the past and to revoke the elements of fanaticism and dehumanization from our societies.