Summary of Conferencia inaugural: Mitos y realidades de la conquista de México. Por Eduardo Matos Moctezuma.

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

This video discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, a historian, discusses the Spanish army's equipment and how it was able to defeat the Mexican army. He also mentions the indigenous allies that the Spanish used, and the impact that disease had on the native population.

00:00:00 In this inaugural conference, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of the Mexican conquest. He discusses how he became an archaeologist, his education at the National School of Anthropology, History, and Science, and his many publications. Eduardo also discusses his life and work in the field, including his seminal book, Mitos y realidades de la conquista de México (Myths and Realities of the Mexican Conquest). He also discusses the impact of his work on Mexican archaeology and history, and his honorary membership in various archaeological societies. The conference concludes with a discussion of the obligatory topic for their fourth meeting, the conquest of Mexico.
00:05:00 This conference inaugurates myths and realities about the conquest of Mexico. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma covers the arrival of the Spanish, and how Moctezuma knew about their attempts. He then goes on to talk about the situation in Veracruz at the time, with Cortés and his new force of soldiers. Jerónimo de Aguilar is mentioned as being one of the Spanish who survived the shipwreck, and then goes on to write letters to the Spanish asking them to join the conquest. In the beginning, Gonzalo de Eréndira was probably the only Spaniard in the area, but he eventually joins Cortés. Jerónimo de Aguilar is then mentioned as staying behind to keep an eye on the Spanish and their allies, the Maya. He is said to have warned Cortés about an impending attack by the Aztecs, and the Spanish captain is said to have replied, "Fine, you stay here then. I'm going to go find my brother." Gonzalo de Eréndira's brother was Hernán Cortés, and he eventually meets up with him and joins the Spanish forces.
00:10:00 In his inaugural speech, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. Santamara and Sevilla say that he spoke a little bit of Spanish at the age of seven, and this is why I want to emphasize his learning of the Maya language. He then talks about how he learned Spanish along with Ma Jin Xing in the various aspects of the conquest of Mexico. Next, Cortés continues his post, and he leaves for the famous battle of Centla. There, horses enter into play, and the battle is very fierce. It is a work-related clash between both sides, and it will cause in some way that the following day Cortés is given twenty women, among them the Malinche. The Malinche was a very knowledgeable person, being the daughter of chiefs from a region that was at the time undergoing Mexican expansion. She was prepared. I would like to repeat what I said earlier: One of the first myths that needs to be debunked is the idea that the Malinche was a traitor because she was not Mexican. In fact, she was not even from the Mesoamerican region. If she had been from either the Aztec or
00:15:00 This video discusses some of the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, a historian, provides information on some of the false myths surrounding the conquest, such as the idea that Cortés burned down the ships he took with him to Mexico. He also discusses the true events of Bernal Díaz de Castillo's involvement in the conquest. Miguel León-Portilla, a historian, provides a transcription of a document from 1519 that confirms that Bernal Díaz de Castillo was already in Mexico at that time.
00:20:00 The following is a transcript of a speech by Eduardo Matos Moctezuma about the conquest of Mexico, which is characteristically different from the myths written about it before him. He discusses the history of the conquest in terms of its unmistakable character and its different nature from what was written by earlier authors. Hernán Cortés and Francisco de Aguilar, who were under Cortés's orders, are discussed in brief. Mitos y realidades de la conquista de México is a documentary about the conquest of Mexico, and it is clear from these documents that Moctezuma first introduced the subject to the world in 2003. Martínez Baracs wrote a book about it in Mexico in 2004, and I will be discussing the psychological factors that led to the downfall of Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco. There are four causes that I will mention: psychological, economic, military, and health. First, let's talk about the psychological factors. The Mexicans, who were fighting on the side of Cortés, were feeling overwhelmed by a series of omens. Some of these signs were actually happening, while others were simply predictions of what was
00:25:00 In this inaugural speech, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. He points out that some of the supposed omens that foretold the Spanish victory did not actually happen, and that these prophecies are based on popular but true stories. He also discusses the legend of the weeping child, which was used to terrify grandparents. Moctezuma explains that the Spanish conquest was made much more difficult by the presence of another powerful leader, Cuitláhuac, and the ensuing battles. The speech concludes with a discussion of the Magnicidies, which remain shrouded in mystery.
00:30:00 The video discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma explains that the Mexicans lost their morale and now they are going to lose their tractor as well as Cuauhtémoc in this map. You can see very clearly how Moctezuma is represented with his symbol, the atado mortuorio, in the funeral procession. He is definitely true in the atado mortuorio - the body is bound and below Cuauhtémoc is full of vesicles, meaning he will die from the vesicles soon after assuming the leadership. Then imagine an army that loses its most important generals, this is the first time such a thing has happened, and they will appoint a second tlatoani, Cuitláhuac, who will die soon after. Then they have to appoint a third tlatoani, Tezozomoc, who will die soon after. This is very interesting because we see that, when their leadership is lost, the Mexicans were always facing unfavorable situations. On the other hand, the Spanish were in first place and had not lost any of their captains until that point. They were all present, and without any losses. Moreover, they came
00:35:00 This video discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, a historian, discusses the costeños, or people from the coastal region, who brought many products, such as shells, fish, and animals, from the tropical area near the coast. Leonardo Hernández, a researcher, shows how they recently identified seven different types of stars from the ocean in offerings at the temple of Mexico City. He also discusses the psychological, economic, and military aspects of this conquest. Finally, he talks about the need to debunk myths and discuss the real history of this event.
00:40:00 The speaker discusses some of the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. One myth is that the Aztec empire was built on a "tacuba" or artificial lake. In reality, the lake was much shallower and the Spanish were able to take it by siege. Other myths include that the Spanish were able to conquer Mexico with just a few hundred soldiers, and that the Spanish were able to conquer Mexico with just a few hundred horses. The speaker also discusses the reality of the Spanish army, which consisted of thousands of indigenous soldiers, and the fact that the Spanish had to recruit indigenous soldiers from throughout Mexico.
00:45:00 This video discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, a historian, discusses the Spanish army's equipment and how it was able to defeat the Mexican army. He also mentions the indigenous allies that the Spanish used, and the impact that disease had on the native population.
00:50:00 In this inaugural conference, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. He recalls the story of Cuauhtémoc, who was captured by the Spanish and later beheaded. He also talks about the mismatch between the expectations of the Spanish conquistadors and the realities of the Indian population. The final section of the talk focuses on the death of Cuauhtémoc, which is recounted by Jerónimo de Loaysa and Cortés. This causes a significant rift between the Spanish and the Mexica, culminating in Cuauhtémoc's assassination.
00:55:00 The speaker discusses some of the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. He points out that according to the judicial inquest, there was a massacre of a great lord there, and that the Indians esteemed him very much. The fact is that the triangle of war is going to end, and we will have Toltec ruins in Tlatelolco as the last resistance against them. He finishes with a short writing about the author's water in Paris, which was translated by the father of Miguel León-Portilla, and then concludes the story with a summary of the conquest, which says that the great warrior with this deed gave his final conclusion with this battle. He then talks about the aftermath, mentioning that there is a full house in all of the classrooms of this beautiful building, and we thank you for your presence. We will go to some questions now. Anyone have a comment?

01:00:00 - 01:10:00

In his inaugural speech, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. He points out that, according to legend, when the Spanish captured the court and said, "Let's discuss," according to the story we see that everything is lost, as part of one's family in a canoe, and is captured by an English ship and held captive before being captured and killed by the Spanish. He then goes on to say that, according to documented evidence, the resistance was strong and was eventually defeated by Spanish and indigenous enemies working together.

01:00:00 In his inaugural speech, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. He points out that, according to legend, when the Spanish captured the court and said, "Let's discuss," according to the story we see that everything is lost, as part of one's family in a canoe, and is captured by an English ship and held captive before being captured and killed by the Spanish. He then goes on to say that, according to documented evidence, the resistance was strong and was eventually defeated by Spanish and indigenous enemies working together. He argues that, in order to properly understand the conquest, it is important to include indigenous cultures in the curricula of regular schools, and that this is an excellent opportunity, Mr. Luciano, to include these topics in the basic education plans of the Secretariat of Education. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma is a teacher of physical education and, of indigenous cultures in Mexico only three quarters of a page is spoken about in six years of elementary school and of indigenous cultures in Mesoamerica only one quarter of a page is spoken about in six years of high school. I believe this is an important moment for our indigenous people to be taken seriously and to have their voices heard in academia
01:05:00 The speaker discusses some of the myths and realities of the conquest of Mexico. He points out that it was important to discuss this at a time when humanidades etcétera is not as important. He mentions that the plaque that is currently displayed in the telón or last rural resistance against the indigenous people is anonymous. The story told on this plaque is also anonymous, but it states that the 13th of August 1521, heroically defended by Cuauhtemoc, fell back behind the hongo. The power of the conquistadors was not a victory or a defeat, but the birth of the mestizo people. This is not something that is known today, and in the future, someone may dispute its authorship. I would like to give Eduardo Matos Moctezuma a word. [Applause] [Music] [Applause] I only want to say that now is the time to enter the construction of the new Mexican school. Our first step is to recognize and recognize the diversity of our country. There are many people here today who represent that diversity: from the indigenous people to the Spanish speakers to the mestizos. What is important now is to move
01:10:00 In this inaugural conference, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma discusses the myths and realities of Spanish conquest of Mexico. He points out that at the time, the islands in the Caribbean were being used to apply in Mexico, and he doesn't think that you will be talking about this in your conference. He also points out that early Mexican documents, written in Mexico and during the reigns of Spanish monarchs over 30 years ago, mention canoes. However, the word "canoa" does not appear in the Caribbean. Ají, an equivalent to Chile, was used in the area of the Caribbean. Later, Chile was used in areas of the Americas with indigenous languages. Spanish colonists brought with them the Taíno language and the Caribbean languages. Hernán Cortés married Catalina de México and they lived in Cuba for many years. During this time, he had to deal with a residency trial for killing Empress Catalina. This trial reveals a lot about indigenous languages and Spanish colonialism. He argues that the process of colonization was gradual, as Spanish colonists were enriched by indigenous languages and cultures. Later in the talk, he will discuss the Wednesday lecture.