Summary of 229 ‒ Understanding cardiovascular disease risk, cholesterol, and apoB

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

This video discusses cardiovascular disease risk, cholesterol, and apoB. Dr. Wolever explains that while cholesterol is important for the body, it is also a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. He points out that apoB is a better indicator of risk than LDL cholesterol, and that hypertension is the main driver of cardiovascular disease.

00:00:00 The episode discusses the importance of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ascvd), cholesterol, and apoB. It covers why it is so important to understand these topics and the impact they have on human longevity.
00:05:00 This video discusses cardiovascular disease risk, cholesterol, and apoB. The pathologist said that over 50 percent of people's first heart attack is fatal, and the good news is today that number is a little bit less. The most common presentation for a first heart attack is the hands shot up chest pain. The age distribution of people who have their first major adverse cardiac offense is shown on a graph, with the most common age being 65 for men and 54 for women. It is also clear that women experience the disease about a decade later than men, and almost 25 percent of men will have their first cardiac event before the age of 54. It is essential to understand what ASCVD is and the factors that contribute to it in order to prevent it.
00:10:00 The video discusses cholesterol, its role in the body, and how it is made. It also discusses how cholesterol is transported in the body and how it is important for the production of hormones and bile acids. The video ends with a discussion of how pathologists are more experienced with heart attacks than doctors.
00:15:00 This YouTube video discusses how the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is based on age and sex, and how this calculation makes prevention of premature CVD almost impossible. The video also describes how risk is low at younger ages but increases as people get older, and how this problem is compounded by the fact that many CVD events occur before the age of 60.
00:20:00 The video discusses the importance of cholesterol and its role in the body. It explains that cholesterol is a lipid and that it is synthesized by every cell in the body. It goes on to say that cholesterol is essential for the creation of cells and that it is important for the cardiovascular system. The video concludes by saying that cholesterol should not be referred to as good or bad, but rather as essential for the body.
00:25:00 The video discusses cholesterol and its role in cardiovascular disease risk. Cholesterol is essential for many different body processes, and the body has to transport cholesterol to where it is needed. There are two types of lipoproteins: apob100 and apoB48. Apob100 defines the lineage of lipoproteins that are most commonly associated with cholesterol transport. HDLs are a type of apob100 lipoprotein.
00:30:00 The video discusses the different lipoproteins and their roles in cardiovascular disease. HDL cholesterol is considered good cholesterol, while LDL cholesterol is considered bad cholesterol. LDL cholesterol is made up of both low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is found mainly in the arteries, while LDL cholesterol is found mostly in the fat cells. ApoB is the main determinant of LDL cholesterol concentration.
00:35:00 This video discusses the difference between LDL cholesterol and apoB, and explains that apoB is a better lipid metric to predict risk than LDL cholesterol. It also points out that Remnant type 3 disciplineemia is a condition that is characterized by high triglycerides and high cholesterol, but low apoB. This information can be helpful to people who are trying to figure out their risk for heart disease.
00:40:00 The video discusses the role of apoB in cardiovascular disease risk and cholesterol. Mendelian randomization allows for the examination of the relationship between a particular phenotype and a set of genes, removing the effects of confounding variables. When looking at a cohort of people, a difference in the outcome between those with high apoB levels and those with low apoB levels is more likely to be causally related to the phenotype of interest.
00:45:00 This video discusses the role of HDL cholesterol in cardiovascular disease risk and how it has been found that apoB is a more important factor in this process. The video also discusses the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension and smoking, as they can both aggravate the risk of atherosclerosis.
00:50:00 The author discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension and how it differs from the mainstream view, which is that hypertension is caused by resistance and renal impairment. The author also discusses the proximately ordered elasticity and how it can lead to systolic hypertension. The author then discusses how age may play a role in hypertension, and how it is becoming more of a "aging process."
00:55:00 In this video, Dr. Tom Wolever discusses how high cholesterol levels increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and how apoB concentrations are a better indicator of risk than LDL cholesterol levels. Dr. Wolever concludes that, while dyslipidemia is a growing problem, hypertension is the main driver of cardiovascular disease. He also points out that while menopause can cause dyslipidemia in men, the same cannot be said for women during the transition into menopause.

01:00:00 - 01:15:00

This video discusses the importance of cholesterol, apoB, and apoA-1 in relation to cardiovascular disease. The speaker argues that lowering apoB levels is a good way to prevent cardiovascular disease. The host highlights the importance of taking conflicts of interest into account when discussing this topic.