Summary of LA REVOLUCIÓN INDUSTRIAL

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The Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-18th century and quickly spread to other countries in Europe and the United States. It led to a sharp increase in the production of goods, ushering in a period of unprecedented prosperity for the bourgeoisie. The Revolution had a major impact on two industrial sectors: textile manufacturing and steel production.

• 00:00:00 The Industrial Revolution refers to a rapid and profound change that affects the structures of a society, including agriculture, industry, commerce, transportation, culture, and technology. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-18th century and spread rapidly to different countries in Europe and the United States during the 19th century. It was made possible by a series of rapid changes in economic and demographic structures, including agricultural reforms in the mid-18th century, a shift in population distribution to lower birth rates and longer lives, and technological advances in fields like energy, textiles, metalworking, and transportation. The Revolution had a major impact on two industrial sectors: textile manufacturing (primarily of cotton) and steel production. Textiles became the leading industry in England, displacing woolen textiles, and steel became the leading industry in many countries outside of Europe and the United States. The Revolution also had a significant effect on population distribution, transportation, and communication. The Revolution led to a sharp increase in the production of goods, ushering in a period of unprecedented prosperity for the bourgeoisie.
• 00:05:00 The industrial revolution began with the invention of the cotton loom in 1733, and progressed through the development of other key industries such as textiles and steel. Three important events helped propel this period of industrial growth: the prohibition of imported Indian cotton fabrics in 1794, the abundance of cotton plantations in North America thanks to the slave labor system, and the lack of standardization and regulation in the industrial process. The automotive, chemical, food, and clothing industries all began to develop in areas with abundant coal and metal resources. The railroad and telephone revolutions followed in the 1870s, and new manufacturing methods such as mass production and specialization improved output and decreased costs. This system, known as Fordism or Taylorism, was first successfully applied to the manufacture of cars by Ford in the early 20th century. The global economy shifted in a different phase in the second industrial revolution, driven by the increased importance of capital in this new phase. New industries such as chemicals and automobiles were born as energy sources replaced oil as the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly source of power. The population of Europe increased dramatically as mortality rates decreased, leading to an influx of rural migrants to the cities.
• 00:10:00 The industrial revolution was a period of rapid economic growth that was impossible to cover the needs of the people. Workers lived in wretched conditions alongside industrial industries or within them, two social classes emerged: the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of production, such as factories, machines, and capital; and the proletariat, new social groups without any property rights who were forced to sell their labor for a wage in order to survive. The appearance of imperialism led to a globalized economy and an increase in production with the introduction of machines. New inventions and new technologies caused changes in the mentality and way of life of people, including improvements in communications that made the world seem smaller.Electric light in homes and streets allowed people to extend their lives during the night. In Spain, the process of industrialization took longer than in some more advanced European countries and affected only a few areas of the economy. Agriculture continued to be the basis of Spanish economy during the 19th century and part of the 20th, as mining in Spanish soil was rich in resources but its exploitation was slow and it was mostly owned by foreign companies, such as the French and English ones, the demand for Spanish goods being greater than the Spanish one.The main industrial sectors in Spain were textiles, centered in Catalonia with cotton