Summary of Saneamento - Semana 06 - Redes de distribuição

00:00:00 - 00:30:00

The video discusses the importance of redes de distribuição de água (redistribution networks) in the efficient distribution and management of water supply in urban and rural areas. The primary purpose of such networks is to ensure security and prevent leaks by maintaining the integrity of the piping system. The two main types of pipes used are the main pipe, known as the reference pipe, with diameters larger than 100 mm and secondary pipes, which branch out from the main pipe to distribute water to remote areas. The video also covers the concept of setorização (sectorization) in water distribution networks, which reduces energy usage and minimizes losses by dividing the network into sectors based on factors such as primary routes, desired output flow, and network flow characteristics. The lecturer emphasizes the importance of properly dimensioning the system by meeting minimum and maximum pressure requirements, dividing the system into pressure zones based on the maximum vazão (maximum flow rate) of each pipe, and using methods such as the Hardy Cross method for redistributing flow in pipes with permeable walls. Finally, the concept of redistribution networks is discussed in terms of population demand, distribution zones, and creating maps for network building, with an emphasis on personal responsibility for managing efficient water supplies. The lecturer provides examples of best practices, such as managing vazios (water inlets) in larger points to ensure optimal network performance.

• 00:00:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the importance of redes de distribuição de água for effective distribution and distribution of water to consumers. The speaker explains that redes de distribuição are a set of tubes that are installed in public areas for the purpose of transporting water from the reservoir to homes and buildings. He explains that the primary importance of this system is to maintain its security and to prevent leaks. He also highlights the two types of pipes: the main pipe, known as the reference pipe, with diameters larger than 100 mm and secondary pipes, which are branching from the main pipe, to transport water to remote places with lower consumption rates. The speaker concludes that redes de distribuição are crucial to ensuring water quality, managing loss, and delivering water to consumers efficiently.
• 00:05:00 In this section, the speaker is describing the types of networks used in water distribution systems. In general, the preference is for networks with a dense grid, which provides efficient water distribution. However, these networks are often installed in urban areas with high population density, and it can be difficult to extend the network into rural areas with lower population densities. In these cases, a hybrid network combining a dense grid with a branching network can be used to distribute water efficiently. Nomenclature that is commonly used in water distribution systems includes nodes and segments. For example, a node is a point of connection between segments, while a segment is a section of pipe. The speaker emphasizes the importance of accurate nomenclature to facilitate water distribution. The speaker then goes on to describe the two types of network that can be used in water distribution systems: Ramified networks and all-encompassing networks. Ramified networks are characterized by the presence of a central pipe or conduit, with branches connecting to smaller distribution systems. In contrast, all-encompassing networks are designed as a single, large system with interconnected pipes and conduits. The speaker includes diagrams of both types of networks to illustrate their features. Ultimately, the choice between these two types of network depends on the specific needs of the water distribution system being installed.
• 00:10:00 In this section of the video, the speaker discusses the difference between a network with primary and secondary channels, specifically highlighting the importance of the sentiment of water flow in a network. The primary channel is directly connected to the source of water, and the direction of flow is important to consider when calculating the amount of water needed for a specific area. In case of a reversal in the flow of the primary channel, the entire remaining area of the network will be compromised. Therefore, it is important to consider the distribution of water flow in the primary channel, and this information will be used for the dimensioning of the network. The speaker also discusses the trend of using a network with primary and secondary channels in urban areas for their larger security and, consequently, their better performance.
• 00:15:00 In this section, the lecturer discusses the importance of setting up networks to facilitate access to water supply. Two networks are typically required for this purpose, one on each side of the road. The necessary implementation of these networks depends on the width of the road, the type of pavement, and the intensity of traffic. These networks should be kept to a maximum length of 600 kilometers without any inspection or maintenance. For optimal performance, they should also be free from extremities. In addition to the primary network, secondary networks must also be created. These networks should send information to the central network to avoid dead zones. The central network must have pressure that is greater than 10 millimeters per column of water and less than 50 meters of column of water. If the diameter of the primary network is greater than or equal to 300 millimeters, it may not be possible to create a liaison with the supply network. Therefore, a secondary network should also be considered in such situations to ensure a good provision of water. The lecturer also explains the importance of considering the setorização of the network, or sectorization, to reduce energy usage and reduce losses. Setorização involves dividing the network into sectors, taking into account factors such as the primary routes, the desired output flow, and the characteristics of the network flow. Differences in elevation can also be used for this purpose. Finally, the lecturer mentions that setorização can also be used to optimize the distribution and control of water in cases of complex networks, such as those involving reservoirs. Setorización involves dividing the network into sectors based on the distance between the sources and the end-users, and creating a separate network for each reservoir to ensure optimal performance. In this way, the distance between the supply and demand sectors can be reduced, and the overall system can be optimized to operate at higher pressures and lower flow rates.
• 00:20:00 In this section, the topic of discussion is about the dimensioning of a water distribution network. The presenter emphasizes the importance of meeting certain minimum and maximum pressure requirements, and dividing the system into pressure zones based on the maximum vazão (maximum flow rate) of each condutor. The designer needs to determine the maximum flow rate of each conductor and calculate the corresponding diameter, and then use the vazão and diameter to calculate the pressure for each section of the pipe. The designer then verifies the pressures and makes adjustments until the pressure is within the specified limits.
• 00:25:00 In this section, the YouTube video discusses the redistribution of flow in pipes with permeable walls using the Hardy Cross method. It is based on the differences between the cota piezometric and the cota do terreno bom, which helps determine the flow rates in each pipe section. The dimensioning is done iteratively by defining the flow rates in each node and solving the continuity equation. The method requires defining an initial flow rate, and then iteratively refining it until the sum of losses is zero or within an acceptable limit. The final values of pressure, velocity, and flow rate are calculated and checked for compliance with established limits.
• 00:30:00 In this section, the concept of redistribution networks is discussed in terms of calculating population demand, determining distribution zones, and creating maps for network building. The speaker emphasizes the importance of concentration of water flows, area of influence calculation, and use of different drainage methods to optimize network performance. The speaker also mentions the personal responsibility in reviewing the concepts of distributing networks, and provides examples such as managing vazios in bigger points.