Summary of RESPIRACIÓN CELULAR AERÓBICA Y ANAERÓBICA

00:00:00 - 00:10:00

The video discusses the process of cellular respiration, which allows cells to obtain nutrients and produce ATP. The process involves four stages: gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, acetyl-CoA production, and the Krebs cycle. Gluconeogenesis produces two molecules of pyruvate, which are then converted into acetyl-CoA. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway then transfers electrons from NADH to oxygen to create energy. The two pathways eventually lead to the Krebs cycle, which produces energy for cells. In some cells, the efficiency of the two enzymes is reduced, resulting in a total ATP output of 38 per glucose molecule degraded.

• 00:00:00 This video discusses the cellular process of respiration, which allows cells to obtain nutrients to perform their functions. Four stages of respiration can be identified: gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, acetyl-CoA production, and the Krebs cycle. Gluconeogenesis is a process where glucose is degraded into glycerol and carbon dioxide without the need for oxygen. This results in two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons each) being produced. Acetyl-CoA is then produced from these two pyruvates, as well as two molecules of NADH, two molecules of NH3, and two molecules of water. This reaction is called the gluconeogenic pathway. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway involves the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen to create energy. This pathway is an aerobic process, which means that oxygen is required for it to happen. The two pathways eventually lead to the Krebs cycle, which is a series of metabolic reactions that provide energy to cells. The Krebs cycle involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate and carbon dioxide. Pyruvate is then converted into ethanol or lactate, depending on the cell type. The aerobic pathway for glucose metabolism leads to
• 00:05:00 This video explains the respiratory cellular aerobic and anaerobic processes. The video discusses how fats and amino acids must be converted first into arithmetic problems on top of cells in aerobic respiration, gluconeogenesis, and the breakdown of the ketone body acetoacetic acid. In prokaryotes, the breakdown of acetoacetic acid produces acetyl CoA, which is then transported to the Mitochondria for catalysis. In plant cells, the acetyl CoA is transported to the site of the respiratory chain in the mitochondrial matrix, while in animal cells the acetyl CoA is produced in the cytoplasm and transported to the site of the respiratory chain in the mitochondrial matrix. The energy obtained from the Krebs cycle is stored in three molecules of acetyl CoA and two molecules of dihydrogen phosphate.
• 00:10:00 This video discusses how cellular respiration produces ATP from glucose. The process begins with the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrates), which produces eight ATP. Six of these come from the oxidation of two NADH and two come from the conversion of piruvate to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The Krebs cycle produces 24 ATP, 18 of which come from six NADH and four come from two FADH2. The final two ATP are produced directly from GTP. This process results in the production of 36 ATP per glucose molecule degraded. In some cells, the passage of electrons from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial DNA chain reduces the efficiency of these two enzymes to only four ATP. This results in a total ATP output of 38 per glucose molecule degraded in cells.