Summary of Дискуссия Бориса Акунина и Сергея Гуриева 19 марта 2019 года

This is an AI generated summary. There may be inaccuracies.
Summarize another video · Purchase summarize.tech Premium

00:00:00 - 01:00:00

In this section of an interview with Boris Akunin and Sergei Guriev, Akunin and Guriev discuss various topics related to corruption , democracy, individual freedom, and the importance of reorganizing Russia. Akunin proposes a national project to move towards a better future for Russia, while Guriev emphasizes the need for a functioning legal system, decentralization, and effective communication with the population. The speaker reflects on past mistakes in Russian history, and how lessons can be learned from them to prevent similar issues from arising in the future. They also discuss the challenges faced by young reformers in the post-Soviet era and the importance of political restructuring and federalism in the reform process. The speakers touch on the historical impact of the Soviet Union on the world and how it shaped political and economic ideologies. Overall, the section highlights the complex and ongoing struggle for a better Russia, with the need for technical solutions, political will, and a focus on individual freedom and self-realization to achieve long-term success.

00:00:00 In this section of the discussion, Sergei Guriev recalls his initial meeting with Boris Akunin and how Akunin proposed the idea of public figures showing support for the anti-corruption foundation of Alexey Navalny. Guriev expresses his surprise and curiosity as to why Akunin made this proposal, considering his own reputation and achievements. Akunin explains that he made the contribution in May 2012 before the crackdown on civil society and to further promote the financing of public projects. Despite the subsequent investigations and Guriev's forced departure from Russia, Akunin's intentions were focused on supporting anti-corruption efforts.
00:05:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergei Guriev discuss the process of fighting corruption in Russia. They recall an incident in 2012 when they publicly donated money to the Fund for the Fight against Corruption. Akunin explains that corruption is the biggest problem in Russia and it must be tackled seriously in order for the country to prosper. He mentions that other politicians, like Mikhail Prokhorov, did not support their cause, and it was important to help opposition politicians who were genuinely fighting corruption rather than doing it for personal gain. Akunin emphasizes that the focus should be on combating corruption, as it is the number one problem in the country's economy. Guriev agrees, stating that addressing corruption is crucial for solving other issues such as investment climate and capital flight.
00:10:00 In this section of the discussion, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss the motivation behind taking risks and making risky decisions. Akunin mentions that when a person acts in what they believe to be the right way, they are willing to take risks. He also mentions that the risk is important in attempting to change the situation in a country where even simple and free behavior can be risky. Guriev agrees and adds that every person, including himself, acts in accordance with their own values and beliefs. They continue by discussing the possibility of changing the centralized nature of the Russian state to prioritize individual freedoms and decentralization. Akunin notes the difficulty of this task and the need to address the root problem rather than focusing on smaller issues.
00:15:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the historical struggle between two main political forces in Russia: statists and liberals. He expresses his doubt in his previously held liberal views and argues that when liberal leaders initiate reforms, they eventually backtrack due to fear and instability in the system. He also mentions the protests of 2011-2012, which aimed to restore democracy, an independent judiciary, and free press in Russia. However, he suggests that achieving these goals would weaken the central government and potentially lead to separatism and a power struggle among oligarchs. He concludes by stating that he now believes that true change in Russia can only come from individuals who understand and fight for restructuring the fundamental hierarchical structure of the country.
00:20:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss the concept of centralized power and its effects on a country. Akunin argues that historically, strong centralized power has been necessary to maintain unity and control, but it also leads to an absence of a rule of law and a sacredness attributed to the figure of the ruler. However, Guriev counters by stating that alternative models of governance, such as liberal or European ones, have proven to be more efficient and reliable. He believes that people vote with their feet, choosing to live in countries that offer freedom and opportunities, rather than staying in ones that rely on a centralized power structure. Guriev also points out that dictatorial regimes often discourage democratization by using neighboring countries as examples of failed attempts at it. He argues that clinging to the current power structure makes it harder to build a new, free country in the future.
00:25:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss the importance of individual freedom and self-realization, emphasizing that it is more important than the president. They note that while people in the 19th century may have believed in the "anointed one," modern society is influenced by mass media, which quickly and effectively creates idols out of nothing. They also highlight that only a few people have the opportunity to leave their birthplace, while the majority endure the circumstances without speaking out. They argue that the fundamental problem with the Russian state is its rigid centralization, and that true democracy and a functioning legal system require decentralization. However, they both express concerns about separatist movements and instead advocate for a new Russian federation based on mutually beneficial divisions, where each region can be self-sufficient and there is a federal policy to level out disparities. They emphasize the need for a national idea that is interesting and beneficial to all, in order to foster unity and avoid the use of force to hold regions together.
00:30:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss the idea of creating a project where everyone participates, with all parties being beneficiaries. Akunin highlights the misconception that Russia has donor regions and recipient regions, arguing that it is a matter of the tax code and redistribution of revenue. He explains that in the early 2000s, 40% of the budget was allocated to the regions, but now the proportion has reversed. However, he believes that this issue can be resolved by redefining taxes and implementing reforms. Guriev adds that the Russian economy was built differently from China's, with interdependent regions, but this is still a solvable problem. The focus should be on creating a true federalism where governors elected through competitive elections have the incentive to prioritize the well-being of their constituents. Overall, they believe that technical issues can be addressed, but it is more crucial to foster a sense of local responsibility and prosperity, keeping the main activities and opportunities within the regions.
00:35:00 In this section, Akunin and Guriev discuss the challenges faced by the young reformers in post-Gorbachev era. They highlight the lack of understanding of how reforms should be implemented, as well as the dire initial conditions of the Soviet economy. They agree that political restructuring and federalism were necessary steps in the reform process. However, they also point out the mistakes made, such as the lack of explanation and support for those who were most affected by the reforms, resulting in a majority of people losing out. Additionally, they discuss the burden of external debt and the West's reluctance to provide sufficient aid, drawing parallels with current situations in Venezuela and Egypt. Akunin reflects on how missed opportunities in Russian history could have been different if certain decisions were made. They both agree that looking back on these historical failures is important in order to learn from them.
00:40:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergei Guriev discuss the importance of reorganizing and establishing a true federation in Russia, as well as the need for a political party that represents the interests of the people. They also emphasize the significance of effective communication with the population and the need to address the issue of corruption. Akunin highlights that successful countries in Europe have different perceptions of national ideals, and that the size and diversity of a country like Russia may shape its national project differently.
00:45:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss the importance of a national project for a country like Russia. Akunin emphasizes that living together as one nation and working towards a common goal is essential for the success and development of the country. He believes that a national project, such as advancing space exploration or leadership in nanotechnology, can bring people together and create a sense of purpose and achievement. Akunin suggests that a focus on education, specifically creating the best educational system in the world, could be a significant part of this national project. He draws parallels to historical examples, such as Prussia in the 19th century, where investing in education led to significant advancements and a strong nation. Guriev agrees, stating that a well-funded and well-organized educational system is crucial for any country's development and progress.
00:50:00 In this section, the speakers discuss the potential of small countries like Estonia to implement reforms and achieve significant progress in areas such as education and technology. They mention how Finland's influence on Estonia's education system led to highly skilled and qualified labor force, resulting in Estonia becoming a global leader in digital government. The speakers also acknowledge that while small countries can provide the necessary education and training, larger countries can utilize this potential for their own development. However, they also discuss the economic challenges faced by Russia, including corruption, isolation, and the need for regulatory reforms to foster entrepreneurship and competition. They emphasize the importance of rule of law, independence of the judiciary, and confidence in law enforcement, stating that these non-economic factors need to be addressed in order to achieve economic progress in Russia.
00:55:00 In this section, the speakers discuss the challenges of implementing reforms in different countries. They acknowledge that while there are technical solutions to many problems, political obstacles often arise. Corrupt officials, oligarchs, and politicians with vested interests in maintaining power often hinder progress. However, some countries have successfully transitioned to market economies, such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Slovenia. These countries have managed to build successful market economies despite political and economic challenges. They have been able to attract foreign investment and create a thriving middle class. Poland, Hungary, and Estonia are also mentioned as countries that have made significant progress in transitioning to capitalism. However, there are still countries, like the Baltic States, that continue to face difficulties in retaining their population due to emigration. Overall, the speakers highlight the importance of both technical solutions and political will in achieving successful economic reforms.

01:00:00 - 01:30:00

In this paragraph, Boris Akunin and Sergey Gueriev discuss various issues related to the global economy and politics, including Brexit, Russia's economy, and the concept of a universal basic income. Akunin argues for effective communication to overcome some of the challenges faced by society, citing the role of Twitter in breaking down complex issues. Guriev highlights the challenges faced by Ukraine and the need for the banking system to address issues related to corruption and transparency. The discussion also touches on Estonia's efforts to combat money laundering scandals and the potential for Poland and Ukraine to gain seats in the European Union. Overall, the discussion emphasizes the complexities of economic systems and the need for careful consideration of their impacts on society.

01:00:00 In this section of the discussion, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev touch on the topic of Brexit and its potential effects. Guriev, an economist, expresses his pessimism about the economic benefits of Brexit, stating that all the negative forecasts have proven true so far. He also highlights two key effects of Brexit: a wake-up call for British society to reevaluate its elite and political system, and a demonstration of the difficulties of living without the support and advantages of the European project. He emphasizes the importance of politicians engaging with the people and ensuring that reforms benefit not just the elite, but the general population as well. While Guriev sees little economic benefit in Brexit, he believes it presents an opportunity for a reassessment of political processes and the emergence of new leaders accountable to the people. However, he acknowledges that the road ahead for Britain remains uncertain, and the outcomes may not be entirely positive.
01:05:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "Дискуссия Бориса Акунина и Сергея Гуриева 19 марта 2019 года", the host and a guest discuss the state of the global economy and the impact of politics on it. The discussion centers around the idea that politics has a crucial role in shaping economic systems, and that if the political system is designed to benefit the entire society, then economic policies will be more effective and sustainable. The host raises the example of President Trump and asks if he has done anything good for the common people in terms of the economy. The guest responds by saying that while President Trump did implement a tax reform that may have benefited the wealthy taxpayers, it remains uncertain if it helped the overall economic situation.
01:10:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss the perception of 30% of voters as having been negatively affected by technological progress, globalization, and inequality. Akunin argues that the solution may not be a simple one, but rather lies in communication. He cites the example of Twitter, which he believes has helped to explain complex issues in a more accessible way. Guriev mentions various publications such as the Economist, New York Times, and Financial Times, which cover news from all around the world. Guriev also discusses how Russian journalists are dealing with the current situation, citing internal newsletters, foreign news sources, and acceptable coverage in the Russian press. Akunin raises the topic of how science is sometimes behind the development of laws and policies, but their implementation often suffers from corruption and lack of transparency. Guriev listens attentively to Akunin's story and highlights the need to communicate effectively to achieve a better outcome.
01:15:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev discuss potential solutions to various problems in Ukraine. They acknowledge that there are many challenges due to suboptimal laws and corrupt institutions, and also debate the role of the banking system in addressing these issues. While they concede that the bank does not directly engage in changing political systems, they mention that it involves analyzing and addressing issues related to corruption, right to freedom, freedom of speech, and honesty in the judiciary, among others. Through a rating system, the bank provides its recommendations to improve the overall democratic framework. The discussion then moves on to the criticisms faced by Ukraine in terms of its global competitiveness, with a mention of existing consensus among the American elite regarding China as a strategic competitor. The topic then shifts to the possibility of Poland and Ukraine gaining seats in the European Union. The importance of the issue is acknowledged, but the AP majors with magnetic booster units are not an option in the current system. Despite the lack of specific office, the Polish and Ukraine governments have access to both the State Department and the Ministry of Finance, among others. The largest infrastructure project in Poland, which was undertaken in 2015, is the development of the IMSTA radar, capable of detecting around-the-world air traffic. The alternative in Ukraine would be to create an intelligence agency that focuses on monitoring and preventing possible threats, and then to ensure its completion. Ukraine's opposition to Russian aggression is also discussed with surprise, as it was still in a pre-development stage compared to Poland's level of progress. However, the situation has changed, and Ukraine has been working hard to prove its democratic transformation, as well as its strategic relationship with the US and other allies.
01:20:00 This transcript excerpt covers the discussion between Boris Akunin and Sergey Guriev about the importance of Poland in the global economy compared to Russia. The speakers also mention Turkey and its potential for growth, and touch on Estonia's efforts to combat money laundering scandals. According to the speakers, a Scandinavian country like Estonia can serve as a bridge between Russia and the West, and also as a safe haven for investments. They discuss the impact of various factors, including politics and the economy, on a country's ability to be integrated into the international community.
01:25:00 In this section, Boris Akinin and Sergey Guriev discuss the concept of a universal basic income and its impact on society. Akinin suggests that a universal basic income would eliminate the need for people to work more than 80 hours a week, as they would be able to pursue their passions and interests without financial pressure. Guriev, on the other hand, argues that a universal basic income could lead to a sense of entitlement and a lack of motivation, as people might become complacent with their lifestyle without having to work for it. Akinin also explores the issue of poverty and food scarcity, arguing that it is not a matter of providing more food, but rather addressing the political structures that cause poverty in the first place. He uses the example of Venezuela, where the government has failed to distribute oil resources fairly, leading to widespread hunger among its citizens. Guriev then brings up the subject of economic policy, specifically the role of the European Central Bank in regulating interest rates. According to Guriev, the European Central Bank recognizes that the European economy is not in a good state and is not considering raising interest rates. He points to Italy, which is currently in a recession, as an example of the challenges facing the European economy. Overall, the discussion highlights the complexities of economic systems and the need for careful consideration of their impacts on society.
01:30:00 In this section, Boris Akunin and Sergey Gueriev discuss the issue of oligarchs, specifically in the context of big companies controlling too much money and having too much influence over politics. Akunin notes that this is a common theme in Russian media, where the term "oligarch" is used to describe influential figures in democratic societies. Gueriev explains that the problem arises when the government or the courts are controlled by powerful individuals who can manipulate rules and policies to their advantage. Akunin further notes that this model of business allows a company to earn more money by controlling the market and can reduce taxes and other obligations. The ultimate problem is that with more resources in their control, oligarchs can use this to influence politicians and the overall system, giving them a significant advantage over their competitors. Gueriev argues that in both Western and Western countries, corruption and favoritism in politics need to be addressed in order to overcome this challenge.