Summary of La expansión del islam

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This video discusses the expansion of Islam, focusing on how preferential treatment of Muslims by the former Roman and Persian empires helped encourage conversions to the new faith. The video also covers the history of the omeyas, a powerful family of Arabs who rose to power in the late 6th century AD and were instrumental in the centralization of government in Damascus. The omeyas were also responsible for the introduction of Sharia law into the empire and for expanding Muslim territory into North Africa and Europe. Their reign marked the peak of Islamic power and was followed by a period of decline and ultimately by the collapse of the empire in the 11th century.

• 00:00:00 The video discusses how Islam began in the Arab Peninsula, and how it evolved over time. Three different areas can be distinguished: the north was influenced by Roman rule in the Eastern Mediterranean, the east by the Persian Empire, and the central area, which was populated by nomads and had a mix of commercial and religious cities. By the early 7th century, Islam had spread to the entire peninsula, and by the time Muhammad died in 632, he had united most of the Arab world under one religious banner. His successors, Abu Bakr and Omar, went on to conquer Syria and Egypt, respectively. The Muslim conquests continued with the conquest of Persia in 647, and by 661, they had reached China, where they established the first Islamic state in China. The orthodox caliphates ruled for approximately 150 years, until the reign of Abu Bakr's son, Abd al-Malik, in 661. Abd al-Malik was successful in unifying the Muslim world and establishing the first Islamic capital, Medina, by 692. The period of orthodox rule ended with the rise of the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled until 750. The Umayyads were succeeded by the Abbasids in 750,
• 00:05:00 In the early 6th century, the area around Mesopotamia was invaded by Muslim Arabs, who transformed the state arab into a theocratic empire, proclaiming themselves the prince of believers. He organized an administration in the occupied lands, in which the head of the military occupation was also the civil, religious, and judicial delegate of the caliph. Although he maintains essentially the same Roman or Persian administration present before the Muslim conquests, he respects the religious beliefs of the conquered populations, which belong to the religions of the Old and New Testaments, under the status of protected people. While governor of Syria, he defeats Constantinople in a naval battle in 655, but is killed the next year. His son Ali succeeds him, and continues with the policy of expansion, which eventually leads to the Byzantine Empire's collapse. He conquers Syria, Palestine, and North Africa, founding the capital at Kufa. In 661, he is assassinated, and is succeeded by his son Muawiya. Muawiya is not accepted by all Muslims, and he must fight to establish his authority militarily. He defeats the Byzantine Empire in a series of battles, culminating in the Battle of the Masts ( 655). In 661, he conquers Egypt. Although the
• 00:10:00 This video discusses the expansion of Islam, focusing on the ways in which the preferential taxation and treatment of Muslims by the former Roman and Persian empires helped to encourage conversions to the new faith. The video also covers the history of the omeyas, a powerful family of Arabs who rose to power in the late 6th century AD and were instrumental in the centralization of government in Damascus. The omeyas were also responsible for the introduction of Sharia law into the empire and for expanding Muslim territory into North Africa and Europe. Their reign marked the peak of Islamic power and was followed by a period of decline and ultimately by the collapse of the empire in the 11th century.