Summary of Os Pré-socráticos

00:00:00 - 00:20:00

This video discusses the importance of the pre-socratic thinkers in the development of Greek philosophy. These thinkers developed a materialistic philosophy which allowed them to better understand reality. The video introduces the three pre-socratic thinkers: Anaximander of Miletus, Anaximenes of Miletus, and Tales of Miletus. The aim of this video is to introduce philosophy to the general public, and to show how important these thinkers are in the history of philosophy.

• 00:00:00 The video discusses the importance of the pre-socratic thinkers, specifically Socrates. These thinkers developed a theory called "the theory of the pré-socratics." This theory is a criticism of the city-state, and it is based on the idea that before Socrates, there was a theory called "the theory of the polis." This theory is a more advanced version of the naturalistic theory of the gods. The pre-socratic thinkers were able to modify their reality due to their increased pragmatism.
• 00:05:00 The pre-socratics sought to understand a material reality in order to expand Logos, understanding this logos more deeply so they could develop a type of thought that was resistant to manipulation by priests and other manipulators of religious discourse. They simply plunged into the search for understanding of physical reality by encountering air, the elemental principle, which was at the heart of their philosophical thinking. This development of thought, called Logic, could not provide a deeper understanding of the Cosmos without first understanding this logos. They sought this understanding because it was necessary to resist the era and create a model of thought that could no longer be manipulated by religious leaders who oppressed the population. Then, after acquiring an elemental physical principle called air, they began to search for a philosophical answer to the origin of all things. This led them to develop a naturalist theory, which was prior to Socrates' critical analysis of the political Constitution. These pre-socratics then developed a technical method to change the environment, which was a difficult reality to live in due to its lack of structure. This knowledge would eventually be used in the practical activity of ethics, which was a reflection of their philosophical thinking.
• 00:10:00 The "Os Pré-socráticos" documentary follows three of the most important pre-Socratic philosophers, Tales of Miletus, Anaximandro of Miletus, and Anaximenes of Miletus, as they discuss the origins of Greek civilization. The philosophers belonged to the city of Miletus in southern Turkey, and are known as Milesian because of this. Their descendants, direct descendants of the artists who had to flee from that area, are also known as Milesian. The school of Jónism, which these three philosophers founded, has different nomenclature in different places, making it more difficult for students to learn. The main points these philosophers discuss are the nature of thought, the service physical activity provides, and the importance of their work. Marilena Chauí's book, Pre-Socratic Philosophers, is an excellent resource for understanding this period of philosophy in more depth.
• 00:15:00 The video discusses the origins of the pre-socratic philosophers, discussing the thinkers in the school of "jônicism." These thinkers, led by Anaximander and Anaximenes, developed a materialistic philosophy which allowed them to better understand reality. Jean-Pierre Berlan points out that one of the key reasons the Pre-Socratics were able to make such a significant shift in thought was their refusal to be bound by the norms of the aristocratic class.
• 00:20:00 The video introduces the three pre-socratic thinkers: Anaximander of Miletus, Anaximenes of Miletus, and Tales of Miletus. These thinkers, as well as the philosopher Plato, will be discussed in depth in the following video. The aim of this video is to introduce philosophy to the general public, and to show how important these thinkers are in the history of philosophy. The video also mentions a professor who is helping to make this video educational. Finally, the video ends with a love letter to the viewers.