Summary of La Contrarreforma de la Iglesia católica

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The "Contrarreforma de la Iglesia católica" refers to a movement begun by the Catholic Church in 1545, aimed at recovering faithful who had apostated from the Protestant reform movement begun in 1517 by Luther. The Protestant reform movement was met with criticism from the start by Luther, who pointed out that the Catholic Church was selling indulgences - partial pardons for sins - which led to the abuse of money. The money from indulgences was used to build the new Vatican main building, an emblem of the Catholic state that the papacy sought to consolidate.

• 00:00:00 The "Contrarreforma de la Iglesia católica" refers to a movement begun by the Catholic Church in 1545, aimed at recovering faithful who had apostated from the Protestant reform movement begun in 1517 with the preaching of Luther. The reform movement was met with virulent criticism from the start from Luther, who pointed out that the Catholic Church was selling indulgences - partial pardons for sins - which led to the abuse of money. The money from indulgences was used to build the new Vatican main building, an emblem of the Catholic state that the papacy sought to consolidate. The Protestant reform movement was not the Church's first critical attack on the material ambitions of the papacy. Indeed, when the Catholic Church was officially established in the 4th century, despite the papacy of Rome's great prestige, the head of the Catholic Church was the Roman emperor Constantine. However, the spread of Islam and subsequent wars of iconoclasts dampened the emperor's imperial prestige, and then the figure of the papacy of Rome grew in prominence as the tutor of Western Christianity in the 11th century. This political ambition of the papacy led to a series of movements considered heretical and attacking the authority of the pap
• 00:05:00 The Protestant Reformation began in Germany in 1524 with the preaching of the "birthing of the mother" by Martin Luther. This sermon precipitated the war of the peasants, which was violently suppressed in 1527. The Catholic emperor Charles V's armies largely consisted of Lutheran soldiers who sacked Rome in 1527, regretting their actions a few years later. This began a long conflict that ended with the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. That same year, in 1527, the Lutheran Sweden Church was founded in 1534. In 1536, the Protestant reform movement arrived in Denmark and Norway. These national churches provoked persecution and death for the followers who remained Catholic. One extreme situation arose when Calvinist leader Ignacio de Loyola clashed with Catholic papas in the Trento conference, which took place from 1545 to 1563. Catholic bishops adopted measures such as compulsory church living for their clergy, teaching sermons that explained Christian scripture well, and establishing seminaries to provide adequate education for priests. The papacy considered it crucial to improve education for the territories that were still Catholic and to send missionaries to convert the remaining Protestant territories. The Protestant Reformation culminated in three institutions pre-tridentine: the Jesuits, the
• 00:10:00 The video discusses the Protestant Reformation, which led to the Catholic Church returning to its old ways while the movements of renewal sought to accentuate the asceticism of religious orders. This asceticism was later followed by the reformations of the Carmelites (1562), Brothers of the Refuge (1615), and Missionaries of Charity (1617). These movements of ascetism, charity, and mission were the true counter-reformation, which succeeded in causing Protestantism to retreat. This led to Protestantism rising again in arms starting in 1617, and the invitation was accepted by Catholic princes who were not hesitant in going to war to impose their religiosity. One of the most brutal conflicts in preindustrial Europe, the Thirty Years' War, took place from 1618-1648, and one of the most deadly was due to religious disputes.