Summary of Patterns of evolution

00:00:00 - 00:05:00

There are four patterns of evolution: divergent, convergent, parallel, and co-evolution. Divergent evolution occurs when allele frequencies change within a population, and this can happen in a number of ways. Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection in unrelated or distantly related groups of organisms from different ancestral lineage evolves similar adaptations due to them being exposed to similar selection pressures. Parallel evolution occurs when a divergence occurs in the species, and then the two organisms that are new species evolve independently of one another but they develop similar characteristics. Co-evolution occurs when two organisms evolve similar traits due to them sharing a close ancestral history.

• 00:00:00 In this lesson, we discuss four patterns of evolution: divergent, convergent, parallel, and co-evolution. Divergent evolution occurs when allele frequencies change within a population, and this can happen in a number of ways. Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection in unrelated or distantly related groups of organisms from different ancestral lineage evolves similar adaptations due to them being exposed to similar selection pressures. Parallel evolution occurs when a divergence occurs in the species, and then the two organisms that are new species evolve independently of one another but they develop similar characteristics. Co-evolution occurs when two organisms evolve similar traits due to them sharing a close ancestral history.
• 00:05:00 The video discusses the patterns of evolution, which are domesticated. Various rice species originated from a common ancestor, and then different varieties grew across Asia and Africa. Selection pressures, which is domestication, took these varieties and created different phenotypes. The octopus has evolved its complex camera eye independently of vertebrates, but it is estimated that the eye has evolved 50 times across different species. Co-evolution occurs between species that share a close interaction, such as mutualism, predator prey relationships, con competition, and parasite host relationships. These processes are all linked and lead to different stages of evolution.