Summary of Fundamentos de Ciberseguridad y Protección de Infraestructuras Críticas

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. It introduces the concept of a model of reference, which is a system used to define and describe a particular system. The video goes on to discuss the importance of understanding network security and the importance of having a vulnerability management plan.

00:00:00 This video discusses security concepts and protecting critical infrastructure, with Fernando Gol as the guest lecturer. Fernando specializes in all aspects of network security, and will be using a chat room during the class to answer questions from the students. Rodrigo, Fernando's name, is a security engineer at a company called Galo. He works in the area of telecommunications, and is responsible for developing and standardizing internet protocols. Rodrigo has written 35 RFCs, and other technical documents.
00:05:00 This presentation covers the definition of vulnerability, the concept of risk, and ways to protect systems and networks. It also discusses the importance of understanding network security and the importance of having a vulnerability management plan.
00:10:00 The video discusses the concepts of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. Vulnerabilities are defined as mistakes that can befall any of these aspects of cyber security. In some cases, maliciously exploiting vulnerabilities can allow someone to do something they should not be able to do, which is called a "flaw." The second concept is stress modeling, or the analysis of how a system might be attacked, in order to identify vulnerabilities and threats. This can be done intuitively by thinking about a technology or device and thinking about possible threats that could be made. Stress modeling can be done in a relatively simple way by reviewing what could be a threat. For example, suppose you are analyzing a technology that you know has vulnerabilities. You would then look for possible threats that could be made with that technology. Finally, model-building techniques are discussed that can be used to help identify threats and vulnerabilities.
00:15:00 This video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. One threat is spoofing, which is when someone pretends to be another entity, such as a person or an online system. Another threat is information disclosure, which is when unauthorized information is released. The last threat is escalation of privileges, which is when someone gains access to privileges they shouldn't have. By using this model to extract threat threats, individuals can protect themselves from these dangers.
00:20:00 The video discusses the fundamentals of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. One way to spoof a mail delivery is to use the remitente and destination fields in the address of the mail. This can be done by simply filling in the correct information into the fields, and sending the mail. In the postal system, no one is checking to see if the address is correct, and no one is checking to see if the mail is delivered. The video goes on to say that spoofing in the mail is simple, and can be done without any technology. The main challenge is that one needs to be able to fill in the correct information into the fields, and make sure the mail is sent properly. It is also difficult because not everyone still uses automated mail delivery, and some people might be able to detect if the mail is spoofed. The final part of the video discusses the risk of reputation damage, and how it can affect the mail system. It explains that, in some cases, the sender can send a letter that is not received, or is received with damage. This can be checked by investigating the mail delivery history. However, this is not always possible, and there are other cases where the sender does not have access to the mail delivery history.
00:25:00 This YouTube video discusses the different ways in which cyber security can be implemented, including the use of metadata to identify the sender and recipient. It also discusses the use of denial of service attacks as a form of cyber security.
00:30:00 This video covers the basics of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. Basically, an attacker is a third party who knows basic information about communication. Frequently, this means that you have a partner who occasionally asks you to make transfers. They may falsify a letter, which is to say, spoofing one side and putting it in the envelope with a paper that tells the recipient who to transfer money to. For example, they might send you a letter asking you to transfer money to a particular account, and then ask you to transfer the money yourself. The idea here is to extract information from various communication protocols by applying a model threat approach. For example, we'll discuss threats related to computer networks and security. I'll then introduce the concept of packet-based communication. I'll explain how to send information through a shared network by specifying the sender's and recipient's addresses. Finally, I'll discuss sending multiple packets instead of one.
00:35:00 This video discusses the three basic security concepts of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure: more packages, that is, the idea; obviously, in the envelope I'll need to put the destination address. I go on to discuss the sender's motivation for sending the information and why. Obviously, the person who handles it needs to be aware of who the information is going to, and why. In principle, it's optional, but it's always useful to have this information in practical terms, as it helps with communication. In general, communication is two-way: one person sends something and expects to receive something in return. However, in familial situations, for example, one person talks and the other person listens, without really being interested in what the other is saying. In more healthy communication, we assume that it's two-way. Simplified then, I have a package of data. If I'm going to transfer something from one system to another, I first have to transfer something from one system to the other. What I do is, I put my source system's address (mine) into the transmission cable, and I put the destination system's address into the transmission cable. Everyone receives the package of data this way,
00:40:00 This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. It covers denial of service attacks, because they like to watch football and are old enough, in theory, that they could survive five minutes without air. This is applied to many real-world scenarios, such as plugging two cables into each other to create a temporary network, and then sending packets across the network. One example is spoofing, in which one system trusts what another system is sending it, even if the other system is incorrect. Another example is ethernet, which uses a cable that is both electrical and mechanical. The video discusses the problem of connecting two different networks, and how model-based threat analysis can help solve it.
00:45:00 The video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. It discusses the different types of security threats and how protocol IP can help to solve them. One of the main differences between the two main types of internet protocols is that protocol IP was designed to be more secure.
00:50:00 This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. Problems can be solved with an extra level of direction or abstraction if what we're going to do with this IP protocol is to try to abstract ourselves from what is the technology we are using in the network. An example of this is illustrated in the following slide. Inside a packet that is sent over an Ethernet network, there is always a header that contains information such as the source and destination addresses. We will use this same concept when we send IP packets over a network using a different technology, such as Token Ring. Remember, every system that is connected to the network will be able to see and speak to each other. A router is a special device that has two interfaces. It is connected to both the network that we are using and another network that we call the "outside world." The router is responsible for forwarding packets between the two networks.
00:55:00 The video discusses the concept of a model of reference, which is a system used to define and describe a particular system. The model of reference for computer networks is the model of the stack, which defines the physical, mechanical, and electrical layers of a network. This model is common to all networks connected to it, regardless of the technology used at the lower levels. One question that may be raised is why the system needed to send a package to a specific destination needed to use a specific router rather than just sending it directly. This information is encoded in tables known as routing tables, and can be accessed without needing to consult millions of times. This is basic information for systems that use a single network language to communicate with systems on different networks. Another concept introduced in the video is the notion of a reference model, which is a model that is more applicable to computer network protocols. The model of reference for computer networks is the model of the stack, which defines the physical, mechanical, and electrical layers of a network. This model is common to all networks connected to it, regardless of the technology used at the lower levels.

01:00:00 - 02:00:00

This video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protection for critical infrastructure. It covers the basics of DNS, including how it works and how to translate a domain name into an IP address. The video then goes on to discuss how to protect a domain name with a registered domain name server (DNS). It also covers how to protect critical infrastructure with DNS.

01:00:00 The video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and infrastructure protection. It presents a paper from the 1980s that conceptualized how technologies like the internet work. It goes on to discuss concepts like the IP protocol and how an address resolution protocol like ARP can be used to send packets to a specific destination. The video finishes by discussing practical aspects of cybersecurity, such as how routers can be used to play around with concepts.
01:05:00 This video covers the basics of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. It discusses the concept of network liveness detection and describes how to set a network limit on the number of packets a user can send. It also covers the use of packet filters to protect networks from attacks.
01:10:00 This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. It discusses how packets can enter a network, and if a low-valued packet is received, the possibility of a threat is considered. The second option is to set a high-value packet rejection threshold, but this is not always practical in practice. The third option is to keep track of every packet that leaves the network, and if a trade is made to a destination that is not on the list, then the packet is ignored. This protocol, called "ARP," is used to send packets to a system on one's own network. When querying systems on one's own network for a destination, the "ARP" query is run automatically, and the IP address and MAC address of the system being queried is stored in memory for a certain time. The next step is to create a model for threats, and the process of "strike" is applied to this. Threats are analyzed and a model is created for each one. Once a model is created, an attack plan can be created using the same process as for email or Ethernet.
01:15:00 This video explains the fundamentals of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. It explains that ip addresses are a way to identify and track a computer, and that an attacker can use this information to attack the computer, or to gain access to sensitive information. The video also explains that ip addresses can be spoofed, and that attackers can use this to attack systems.
01:20:00 This video discusses cybersecurity fundamentals and protection of critical infrastructure. It discusses how to extract threat models from data, and how to apply this methodology to threat modeling attacks against protocols and technologies. The video finishes with a discussion of how IP addresses can be spoofed, and concludes with a discussion of how to improve the security of transport protocols.
01:25:00 This YouTube video discusses how to secure critical infrastructure systems and protect infrastructure against critical attacks. The presenter describes how TCP uses a reliable transport protocol to send information securely to another application. For example, a web server might use TCP to send HTTP requests to a mail server. The video also covers how to protect infrastructure against congestion and attacks.
01:30:00 This video explains the basics of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. Logic can be used to set up a web server, for example, without encryption. SSL would be the port used for this type of web traffic, and port 443 would be used for encrypted web traffic. Then, we have a basic example of playing out, where the right system is trying to communicate with the left system, but the communication is blocked because the right system is not using a secure port. In this case, the port TCP destination is also blocked. If the mail system on the right side wants to contact the mail system on the left side, it uses port 25, which is the port used for mail. The first connection is identified by port 1024, and the second connection is identified by port mil 25. If one wishes to identify the two connections, the first or identified by hiper remota puerto remoto ip local port local, and the second connection, which has all the same values, is identified by port 1.026. The reason for the port local being different in this case is that the port local was changed from 1024 to 1.026 for the sake of convenience. This is a very fine point, but for the average person, this is more than enough information to understand
01:35:00 This video explains the fundamentals of cyber security and protection of critical infrastructure. It relates to networks connected by these in fact, I will later pass through Rodrigo or on the channel of YouTube some links regarding these topics many attacks that have to do with networks based on predicting values that should not be predictable here what interests me is the number of ports is unique not necessarily sequential when I put certain patterns or make them predictable values that not necessarily have to be predictable I'm pi-fing from a security standpoint if this was with me I don't remember if it was real or if it was I put pretty values so that it would not be more easily seen well remember that we had a few days ago arrived at the fact that what I said was the model reference to give for and I put partial because we had started from the physical layer and had arrived to this layer of network now we put two more layers and that is the model reference to give for complete that the of DARPA has five layers no 7 like the model of yes or no this is the real one afterwards one can apply any model he wants these are not abstract concepts, one can apply it how he wants in this model we have the physical layer back to what it has to do
01:40:00 This video provides a basic overview of computer security, focusing on the basics of TCP and network reconnaissance. It explains how to use a tool called "enema" to identify services and software on a target system, and how to exploit any vulnerabilities that may exist.
01:45:00 The video discusses the fundamentals of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure, and discusses the use of ports for scanning purposes. It then looks at the exit point of this, which is particularly interesting. The first part is important, as it looks at four lines of code that the attacker could use to send a package to each of the 65,536 available ports. Why and why not I don't know for certain which of these ports may be vulnerable, but could be due to an application being running on one of them. The next service is the port 80 web server, and it is demonstrated that the software and version of the software installed on the system may not be correct for that service. The port 443 is also demonstrated, but this too is not secure as it is open to the internet. It is then shown that the system may be running on a Linux distribution with version 5.4 point 20, but this is not confirmed. Finally, the video discusses the use of ports in more detail, and highlights the fact that not all ports are necessary for an attack.
01:50:00 The video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protection for critical infrastructure. It explains that some localities are running an infection from their computer and that help could come from that port not being visible open. The next port, 25, says this: "This I believe because before anything else, this needs to be updated. I'm not sure why it says that, but it says that the exposed port is exposed because of something else that was changed." Email is another important part of cybersecurity. The next port, 53, is not vulnerable to a DNS software called Societ Maratoriana, so I'll change the string that said the DNS software in the previous video and replace it with that string. If they keep looking, they'll see the port 80 and 443. Those are web servers. There is no software for web called Diego Armando. This is not a security precaution. Version 10 of the software is not casual. It's not something that can be fixed with a simple replacement of the string. Making it difficult for an attacker to penetrate the system is one of the goals of cybersecurity.
01:55:00 The video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. It covers the basics of DNS, including how it works and how to translate a domain name into an IP address. The video then goes on to discuss how to protect a domain name with a registered domain name server (DNS). It also covers how to protect critical infrastructure with DNS.

02:00:00 - 02:50:00

This video provides an introduction to the concept of cybersecurity and how it relates to the protection of critical infrastructure. It discusses the importance of using certified authorities to help secure networks, and explains how devices like firewalls and intrusion detection systems can be used to protect against attacks. The video also covers the basics of how NATs and routers work, and how they can be used to improve security.

02:00:00 This video discusses how to request different types of information from a DNS server, and how to use a software tool called "Host" to get this information. Host is installed by default on systems running Unix-like operating systems, and is used to request standard, common information from DNS servers. If you don't specify a type of request, Host will request all the records for a domain, in the order they are stored. For example, if you request "Registrar MX," Host will return the first two MX records for the domain "goal.com."
02:05:00 This video explains the fundamentals of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. One of the ideas discussed is DNS, in which a user sent a request to a server and received a response. It can be studied or falsified responses can be faked because there is nothing to prevent it. A recent development is DNS security, which attempts to protect responses by using cryptography. It is very easy to falsify many requests and responses, and if someone wanted to falsify a Google response, for example, they would imagine the following: you are at a coffee shop You ask the Google homepage if anyone gives me the IP of what is Google.com Someone says to your IP Google.com is this what would happen if an attacker falsifies the response from DNS and instead gives the attacker's true IP instead of the legitimate IP for Google.com. Now, instead of going to Google.com, you would go to a server that is controlled by the attacker and all of these things apply to the same methodology of extracting data. For example, property escalation can be applied by applying security measures such as encrypting information. However, there is nothing that protects me explicitly. Basicly, there is nothing that is protecting me. I will now describe some technologies that are used to provide
02:10:00 This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. Networks and networks but one does not generally Latin in general one does not use the mode transport does not use the extremity The extremity that is used is the SSL or telephony today. TCP what it does is apply or provide those services over the transport layer. Over the transport layer, what is done is apply cryptographic techniques basiclly to be able to secure transport. For example, this is what is done, for example, when navigating a site and see the candidate. If what they have is that they have all the protocols below are exactly the same, but what is put over that is the use of telco to secure the transport. I believe this is one of the technologies of the protocols of security of the most used, rather than the most used one applies to everything basically for security, web security, mail security, FTP security and many more. The basic idea I will not enter into detail if basically it is good to use public key cryptography. And what I am going to have is something called authority certifier, and that
02:15:00 This video discusses the fundamental concepts of cybersecurity and critical infrastructure protection. It explains the importance of having a secure system that uses algorithms to work, but that is also based on certified authorities. For example, if someone were to compromise the certification authority, then the entire security system would be compromised. There are various devices used to implement security in a network, and I will mention a few of them. Firewalls are one of the most important devices in security, as they are able to filter packets based on policy. Other devices used for security purposes include intrusion detection systems (IDSs), proxy servers, and VPNs.
02:20:00 The video discusses the two different policies for filtering: "default" and "no-default". The default policy is to allow all traffic, while the no-default policy is to block all but necessary traffic. The video provides an example of a website that would be accessible from anywhere on the internet, but a website used for administration would be accessible only from a certain IP address and port.
02:25:00 The video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. It covers the various methods that a firewall can use to protect a system, including firewall rules that target specific applications or ports. The video also mentions the risk of a firewall becoming a vector for attack.
02:30:00 The video discusses the importance of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. It discusses the difference between protocol version 6 (IPv6) and protocol version 4 (IPv4), and how a firewall might not be able to handle traffic at its full capacity if it is only protecting one protocol version. It also discusses how NATs (Network Address Translation) can help share IP addresses between multiple devices on a network, and how routers can intercept and translate packets before they reach their intended destination.
02:35:00 The video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure. It explains how an internal system for the network sends information out if it's not translated and placed into a table we have here as a "path table." It shows how to count the ports and how to translate the ball if a package arrives. It discusses how a system for prevention of intrusions works and how it might alarm but not mitigate a security problem. The video also discusses how to set sensitivity levels for security sensors.
02:40:00 This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protecting critical infrastructure. One key element is the use of private networks, which I will not go into too much detail on because of time constraints. The basic idea isVPNs, which allow for secure connections between two networks today, for example between a system and a network, or between two networks. An example is given of how this works. I have servers in Slovenia, and if I want to access them from where I am, I first need to connect to the destination network through a VPN. This technology, called "bp.n," ciphers traffic from my equipment to what is the red network where my servers are located. Any person who cannot access them directly will need to be authenticated and authorized to that destination directly. They will not be able to access anything, no matter how much experience they have with network security. First, I am added an extra layer of security to what is control of access, and traffic from my equipment to where it goes to the router of the red network where my servers are located is encrypted. Which network protocol I am using is irrelevant; the two most common are "penes" (based on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and "tlc" (Transport Layer
02:45:00 This video discusses the basics of cybersecurity and protection of infrastructure critical to the university's operations. The video features someone who is trying to navigate to a website on the university's network but is not allowed to do so because of a firewall that is installed on the computer he is using. The person then explains how he was able to bypass the firewall by using a VPN connection and accessing the university's servers remotely. The video concludes by discussing the importance of having these kinds of security tools in an organization's arsenal and provides some tips on how to use them.
02:50:00 This video discusses cybersecurity and infrastructure protection strategies. It explains that there are different strategies to follow depending on the type of infrastructure being protected. It also mentions that there are classes scheduled for this topic, but that some questions may still need to be answered internally. The video ends with thanks to the audience and goodnight.