Summary of Time Perception & Entrainment by Dopamine, Serotonin & Hormones | Huberman Lab Podcast #46

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

This YouTube video discusses how dopamine, serotonin, and hormones can affect how we perceive time. It explains that while our internal rhythms are hard-wired, we can choose when to start our focus cycle. The video also discusses the effects of these cycles on work performance.

00:00:00 The Huberman Lab discusses time perception, discussing how we can control how we experience life by slowing or speeding it up. Athletic Greens does not break a fast and fish oil does not either.
00:05:00 This podcast is about time perception and how it is linked to entrainment, which refers to the way in which your internal processes are linked to your environment. The most basic form of entrainment that we are all a slave to all year round is circannual rhythms, which are fluctuations in the natural rhythms of the Earth. In today's episode, the podcast sponsors are Athletic Greens, InsideTracker, and ROKA, which makes eyeglasses and sunglasses that are of the highest quality. Athletic Greens covers all of your foundational needs for vitamins, minerals, and probiotics, and InsideTracker can help you better understand your body and reach your health goals. If you'd like to try InsideTracker, you can visit insidetracker.com/huberman to get 25% off any of their plans.
00:10:00 The Huberman Lab discusses how light affects the release of hormones in the body, with a focus on the role of dopamine, serotonin, and hormones in Daylight Saving Time. The study found that, depending on the time of year, people feel more or less energetic and happy.
00:15:00 The study found that humans are entrained to the external light-dark cycle, and that this affects hormones and mood. The next level of time that we are all entrained to is the so-called circadian time cycle, which is 24-hour rhythm. Disruptions in circadian entrainment can lead to health problems.
00:20:00 This video discusses how exposure to bright light in the morning and throughout the day, as well as regular physical activity, helps to entrain the circadian rhythm and improve time perception. If your circadian rhythm is disrupted, your perception of time on shorter time intervals may be impaired.
00:25:00 The video discusses the concept of time perception, including the effects of circadian entrainment and ultradian rhythms. It explains that while these rhythms are hard-wired, you can choose when to start your focus cycle. It also discusses the effects of these cycles on work performance.
00:30:00 The three forms of time perception are interval time (tick, tick, tick), retrospective time (last week, how long was it between lunch and when you went to dinner?), and prospective time (two minutes into the future). The article discusses how dopamine and serotonin can modulate the perception of time.
00:35:00 These experiments show that dopamine, serotonin and hormones can affect how people perceive time, with dopamine increasing the frame rate of time perception and leading to overestimation, serotonin decreasing the frame rate of time perception and leading to underestimation, and hormones having no effect. This is important because it changes how people perceive the passage of time throughout the day, based on when they are in their circadian rhythm.
00:40:00 This YouTube video discusses how dopamine and norepinephrine impact our perception of time, and how this can be helpful or disruptive depending on the task at hand. It also mentions how sleep disruption can lead to a disruption of dopamine and norepinephrine levels throughout the day.
00:45:00 This video discusses how overclockings, or a situation in which levels of dopamine and norepinephrine increase, can cause time perception to be slowed down. This can be a problem because it can stamp down memories into the brain, making it difficult to forget what happened. Trauma treatment involves trying to reduce the amount of emotional activation during the recall of the experience, and one way to do this is to alter the rate of the memory playback.
00:50:00 The Huberman Lab explains how dopamine is involved in altering perception of time, and how this can be used to our advantage. The study "Time Dilates After Spontaneous Blinking" shows that dopamine is associated with an increase in spontaneous blink rate, and that this increases our baseline levels of dopamine.
00:55:00 Dopamine levels increase when you are in an ice bath, which affects how you perceive time. This paradoxical relationship between how you experience something now, how you remember it, and how long it actually lasted is due to the way the brain stores information.

01:00:00 - 01:10:00

This video discusses how different hormones can affect time perception and memory. It also discusses how these hormones can shape how we perceive our relationship to places and people. The study found that dopamine was released when something the subject wanted to see happened, as well as during surprise.