Summary of DEPP2021 Video - Entrevista: Introducción al Diseño Muestral

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

This video discusses the design of a survey, which is a complex process that requires knowledge of statistics and proper methodology. It also discusses the importance of using a smaller sample size, which is more representative of the population.

00:00:00 The presenter introduces the design of surveys course, which is a brief lesson on a statistical tool with high technical and methodological rigor. The day's lesson discusses the principles and concepts of survey design. The goal of this talk is for the speaker to share their professional experience and practical advice on how to use survey methodology. The speaker's alumnus come from a very diverse background, including people working in government at the three levels of government, teachers, civil society members, and private sector employees. They have also undertaken projects applying survey methods to different topics such as economic surveys at company levels, a national survey on victimization and security perceptions, and a nationwide survey on standards and police training. The speaker then discusses institutional adaptation of survey methods to more specific population segments and how to carry out surveys in limited settings.
00:05:00 The video discusses design of a national survey on security and public safety. The interviewer discusses the importance of designing a survey with a national scope and how to stratify the population based on a variety of sociodemographic and dissimilar characteristics. The interviewer also mentions a bill that would make this task easier.
00:10:00 The video discusses how stratification is different for each survey, and how they all focus on social demographics. In the end, it is still data about people, with sociodemographic features being one of the main ways that surveys are analyzed. The design of surveys is also based on these features, and the same applies to employment and unemployment surveys. In terms of micro- and small businesses, the INEGI has a national registry of economic units called "9s." This list keeps track of how many formal and informal businesses are in the country, and is updated every five years. This information is used to conduct economic censuses. As far as sampling methods go, there are different ways to collect data using surveys. One example is that different types of interviews can be used to collect data from a population. By knowing the survey's design and the target population, the interviewer can select the best method for the situation.
00:15:00 Depp2021 video introduces design of survey, discussing the theoretical and practical aspects of the project. The project's ultimate goal is to improve the quality of statistical analysis of victim populations. To achieve this, they need to define their target population. They also need to consider the geographical coverage and conceptual boundaries of the target population. Once they have this information, they can begin to conduct statistical surveys and generate statistical data on the target population. At the national level, they are also investigating the efficacy of police training programs. They will need to define the target population for these programs, which can be either public or private sector employees, depending on the program's target audience. Once they have identified the target population, they need to ensure the sample is representative of that population by defining the size of the sample. This can be a bit complicated, but they have values for the minimum and maximum size of the sample so that they can determine an appropriate size. In terms of design, they are using a simple random sampling method, which they estimate to have a 90% chance of yielding accurate results.
00:20:00 The standard for determining the level of confidence in a sample is the area under the curve, or "normal distribution." This standard is usually set at a certain level of confidence, such as 95%. When designing a survey, the "zeta value" is a number that is already given, representing the level of confidence in the sample. The zeta value for a sample of alcohol consumption data would be 1.645. This number is the value that would occupy the "x" position in the following equation: x = 1.645 + z If we were measuring a particular variable in our survey, we could raise the significance level to 95% and the zeta value would then be 1.96. I would like to come back to the question of what "the zeta value" always represents. The zeta value always represents the level of confidence in the sample. For example, if we have a survey with a "zeta value" of 1.645, then we are 95% confident that the sample will contain data that falls within the "1.645" range. In other words, we are 95% confident that at least one element in the sample falls within the range of values we are interested in measuring. However,
00:25:00 In this video, Mario discusses the design of a survey, noting that the 90% confidence level is a standard reference point for statistical analysis. He goes on to say that, within a population, there is typically expected to be a certain error relative to the observations made in the sample. This error, known as the relative maximum expected error, is the largest difference between the observed value and the expected value. Mario explains that, to prevent bias in our data, we use a 95% confidence level when analyzing complex models involving many variables. He notes that, at first, our reference point is the 90% confidence level, but as we gain more experience and our sample becomes more specific and homogeneous, the 95% confidence level becomes the default. Mario concludes the talk by saying that, when it comes to statistical quality assessment, the 90% confidence level is always a good starting point.
00:30:00 The video discusses design of a population survey, discussing how variability in survey results can impact estimation accuracy. It goes on to discuss how a sample of the population should be selected in order to maintain accuracy of the results. The final point is that the design of the population survey involves balancing the number of respondents from each stratum in order to achieve representativeness.
00:35:00 Designing a sample is important because we have elements that can be selected from the sample. We have factors that can be selected from each extract in each conglomeration, and how many people represent each stratum in each conglomerate, and the age of each person in each stratum. Therefore, the results can be expanded to the whole population. The sum of all factors of expansion is equal to the total population originally estimated. After generating expansion factors, it is a little tedious and also comes with a process of adjustments costwise. The estimation calculation then follows. The main steps in designing a survey are: knowing the objective, determining the sampling frame, and selecting the sampling method. The 95% that we were talking about a moment ago is the percentage of the design that is focused on designing the survey. The error that we talk about most often is the absolute error, and it occurs in 95% of projects. The deviation standard error is the square root of the variance, and it is used to determine the relative error of the sample size. When we have the results of the survey in hand, we can also perform qualitative comparisons. However, quantitative results cannot be considered as quality statistical results. This is the big difference between private sector surveyors and surveyors
00:40:00 The interviewer discusses design-m Sample size estimators with Inegi, and how they affect the quality of an empirical study. He also discusses the importance of heterogeneous sampling and how it affects the reliability of an empirical study.
00:45:00 Designing surveys is a complex and time-consuming process, and it is important to have good advice when starting out. In this video, Depp discusses how he recommends using surveys to measure the performance of a project or organization. He emphasizes the importance of using a smaller sample size, which makes it more similar to any other project. He also recommends using economic units and suggests that instead of defining strata by a number of specific characteristics, you may be able to define strata based on age, gender, and residence. Finally, he explains that you don't have to be overly complex to be representative of all the population. Depp concludes the video by discussing how the Brc Mexico office always encourages the use of statistical data generated by INEGI in its program evaluations. By doing this, they are able to provide support and guidance for any type of project. In addition, they offer access to information on their website and in their physical offices, providing a valuable resource for statistical data and project support.
00:50:00 The design of a survey is a complex process, and the Mexican Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) provides valuable tools for achieving good survey data. INEGI has collaborated with various governments over the years, and in 2014, collaborated on the Ecuacion Social Prevencion de la Violencia y la Delincuencia (ESPV) survey with the Secretariat of Governance. ESPV surveys violence and crime prevention in Mexico's municipalities, and INEGI is currently assisting in the design of a national survey on displaced persons. INEGI also collaborates extensively with private institutions, and is open to collaborating with local, state, and federal governments.
00:55:00 This video introduces the design of a sample survey, which is a tool that is available to both the public and private sectors for use as a reference. It discusses the importance of using sampling in survey research and provides a lesson on the topic, which is followed by a question from a student. Later in the video, some of the graduate students who completed the survey design course discuss the costs associated with conducting a survey. They explain that there are costs associated with hiring the survey staff and purchasing the necessary surveying equipment. They also mention the costs associated with conducting the survey, such as the salaries of the survey staff and the cost of mailing the surveys.

01:00:00 - 01:35:00

The video introduces the design of a sample survey, discussing the importance of having a budget and the restrictions that come with it. It then talks about energy shortages and how they have increased costs for 2022. However, there is a small increase for next year in terms of budget restrictions, mostly for the census of agricultural land. Nationally, the three most frequent crimes will have a lower percentage of sample, but still be reliable.

01:00:00 The video introduces the design of a sample survey, discussing the importance of having a budget and the restrictions that come with it. It then talks about energy shortages and how they have increased costs for 2022. However, there is a small increase for next year in terms of budget restrictions, mostly for the census of agricultural land. Nationally, the three most frequent crimes will have a lower percentage of sample, but still be reliable. For example, in the case of the National Survey on Employment and Wages, it has a sample size of more than 150,000. However, for more specific studies, such as a survey of a certain municipality, the sample size may be too small and the intervals may be sacrificing quality. In order to achieve a balance, the size of the sample must be balanced and tolerance for error must be sought. In order to generate reliable information, a strategy of minimizing costs must be implemented, along with a balance in the number of interviews conducted. Finally, some tips on how to get started are offered. The video discusses the importance of having a budget when conducting a survey and how energy shortages have increased the cost of doing surveys. It goes on to talk about the three most frequent crimes in terms of percentage of sample, and how they
01:05:00 The design of a survey is a complex process that is affected by a variety of factors. In this interview, an introduction to survey design is provided, and participants discuss how to reduce corruption in government processes. They also discuss how to increase the efficiency of government procedures through the use of electronic payments. Finally, they discuss how to improve government transparency and responsiveness to the public.
01:10:00 The video interviews Mario Depp, a designer of a Muestral study, about what this type of study is and how it can be useful for government. Depp also introduces the design process for a Muestral study. He discusses the importance of good information and quality data when designing a Muestral study, and how this can help to trigger Innovation and Improvement in government. Depp concludes the interview by asking the audience questions about their own experience with surveys.
01:15:00 The video discusses the design of a sample survey and discusses how different factors, like crime rates and poverty levels, influence the results. It also discusses how to interpret survey results.
01:20:00 The video discusses design sampling and discusses how it can be used to better understand public policy. It also mentions how disparities in information can lead to ineffective policymaking.
01:25:00 The interviewer discusses design sampling methods with a focus on the Inegi's statistical information and its pioneering work before census-taking began. He notes that open data and open formats are important concepts, and that Inegi's data is of such real-world importance that it can provide information on public-sector problems of great magnitude. He urges citizens and public servants to become more informed about information available through the Inegi, and states that this diplomas course is valuable for those who want to become better informed about public-sector problems. The interviewer asks a question about the difference between an intercensal survey and a census, and the interviewer explains that a census would theoretically include data from all citizens and all dwellings in the country, while an intercensal survey would only include a subset of the population and their homes.
01:30:00 The designer discusses different methods for estimating the population that was not enumerated, and how some studies of geography can be used to supplement census data. They also mention the recent addition of Google Maps to the survey toolbox, which makes surveying distant areas more feasible. The designer then goes on to answer a question from the audience about why surveys are important, and how they can be more useful than a census. Finally, the designer gives a brief farewell and invites the audience to join them in the next session.
01:35:00 The interviewer introduces the design of a random sample survey and discusses the importance of quality statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). He invites participants to visit the INEGI website to learn more about their survey research. The interviewer thanks participants for their participation and wishes them all the best.