Summary of Las Últimas GUERRAS ITALIANAS 🏛 Italia siglo XVI 🏛 Historia de ITALIA EDAD MODERNA 6

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The video deals with the Italian Wars, which were a series of wars fought between Italy and Spain during the Renaissance. The war was sparked by France's attempt to regain Naples and was fought between 1521 and 1525. The war saw Charles V of Spain, the Holy Roman Emperor, trying to gain control of Naples. Charles highlighted the Italian Wars by discussing the sixth and seventh Wars, which took place after 1527. The war was marked by the sack of Rome, and the Pope was captured. The seventh war was fought after the death of Francisco II in 1535, and the duchies of Milan were split between Spain and France. The video then moved on to the ninth Italian War, which began in 1551 and lasted until 1559. The conflict was fought between France and Spain, and other nations became involved. The war ended with the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, which marked the end of the Italian Wars. The conflicts left Italy devastated, and Naples was taken by the Spanish. Despite the destruction, the Medici family of Florence managed to create a new state known as the Grand Ducado of Tuscany. The war had a profound impact on the monarchies of Spain and France, causing them to become significantly depleted and indebted. The Italian Peninsula remained relatively calm, but the pope dominated the north and south while Italy was divided among smaller territorial states. The video also discussed the various economic activities that were prevalent in Italy during the Renaissance period. The rise of new cities and towns led to the creation of new municipios and fields of cultivation, primarily for the production of grains, olive oil, and wine. The manufacture of silk became a major economic activity, and banking remained in the hands of the Medici of Florence and the Genoveses. The Renaissance also led to the emergence of universities in Padua and Bologna, which focused on the study of anatomy, mathematics, and other sciences. The Italian cuisine and culture became fashionable in the courts of Europe, even before the invention of pizza. The Royal Court of Naples was heavily influenced by the wealth of the silk trade, and the system of government remained mostly feudal, with men and the clergy maintaining their privileges.

• 00:00:00 In this section, the excerpt continues the story of the Italian Wars, specifically covering the fifth war, also known as the War of the Four Years. This war took place between 1521 and 1525 and was sparked by France's attempt to regain control of Italy, specifically the Kingdom of Naples. The cause of the war was that Francisco I of France was upset that Charles V of Spain had been named emperor, and seeing this as a threat to his own ambitions, he joined forces with Venice and the King of Navarra to attack the Spanish territories in the Netherlands. Meanwhile, Charles V faced his own challenges, as he was also engaged in a struggle with Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation in Germany. Despite these distractions, Charles V's forces were able to expel the French armies from Milan in 1522, and in 1526, the Treaty of Madrid was signed, which ended the war and cemented Spain's control over Italy.
• 00:05:00 In this section, the transcript discusses the sixth and seventh wars between Italy and Spain during the Renaissance. The sixth war, which took place from 1527 to 1530, saw Spain take control of several Italian cities, including Rome. During the conflict, Francisco II of Spain conquered Florència and later taken the Papal States. Also, he worked with the Medici family who controlled Florence. During the war, Rome was famously sacked, and the Spanish forces caused chaos, devastation, and destruction. During this war, the Pope Clement VII was captured, and Italy was left in ruins. The Seventh iteration of the war took place after the death of Francisco II of Milan in 1535. The duchies of Milan were then split between Spain and France to the next generation.
• 00:10:00 In this section, the video discusses the ninth Italian War, which began in 1551 and lasted until 1559. The war started when the young King Henry II of France decided to attack his enemy, Holy Roman Emperor Carlo I, with the intention of taking back Italy and ending the Habsburg Empire's hegemony in Europe. Initially, the conflict pitted these two powerful European powers. However, as time progressed, other nations became involved in the war. The famed novelist and poet Miguel de Cervantes fought in this war and was personally injured on the battlefield. The war eventually ended with the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, which marked the end of the Italian Wars. This conflict had a lasting impact on the political landscape of Europe and shaped the course of history.
• 00:15:00 In this section, the section discussing the Italian Wars, two significant consequences are explored. Firstly, Italy was left devastated after these wars. Despite this, the Medici family of Florence managed to create a new state known as the Grand Ducado of Tuscany. As a result, the maps of the era show relatively little change. Secondly, theSecond War had a profound impact on the monarchies of Spain and France, causing them to become significantly depleted and indebted. In response, the House of Austria, to which the Spanish Monarch Felipe II belonged, established itself as the first global power, controlling Spain, much of its territories, as well as much of North America. The Italian Peninsula remained relatively calm, but the pope dominated the north and south while Italy was divided among smaller territorial states.
• 00:20:00 In this section of the video, it is discussed the various economic activities that were prevalent in Italy during the Renaissance period. The rise of new cities and towns led to the creation of new municipios and fields of cultivation, primarily for the production of grains, olive oil, and wine. The manufacture of silk, which used caterpillars from mulberry trees brought to Italy from the Orient, also became a major economic activity. However, banking remained in the hands of the Medici of Florence and the Genoveses. The Tuscan dialect became widely spoken throughout Italy, eventually leading to the formation of the Italian language. The Renaissance also led to the emergence of universities in Padua and Bologna, which focused on the study of anatomy, mathematics, and other sciences. This knowledge was later spread to other European universities. The Italian cuisine and culture became very fashionable in the courts of Europe, even before the invention of pizza. The Spanish took over the reign of Naples, which was one of the possessions of Spain. The dressing and food habits of the royal court were influenced by the wealth of the silk trade, and the system of government remained mostly feudal, with men and the clergy maintaining their privileges. The most important government institutions were the Council of the Kingdom (Adriatic-Venetian Council) in Venice, the Conference of the Governor Office, the Super Mario's Office, and the Court of the Sacred Council of the Holy Roman Empire of the Kingdom of Sweden and Norway in Naples. During this time, the Spanish invaded Italy, and there were numerous battles and conflicts. The building of public works was undertaken, including the construction of roads, fortifications, and public buildings, such as the famous Palazzo Reale in Naples. The pologist Clemente VIII came to power in Rome, known for burning Giordano Bruno, and later absorbed the duchy of Ferrara. Meanwhile, Jose de Calasanz founded the Mother of God of the Pious Schools order in 1597, which aimed to educate young people. The economist Campanella attempted to organized a conspiracy against the Spanish, but it failed. The Italian economy faced a crisis, and the production of wool, shipbuilding and commerce was highly negatively impacted.