Summary of Functional Analysis of Problem Behavior

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

The video discusses how functional analysis of problem behavior can help researchers to understand why certain behaviors are maintained in different situations. The data in the graphs show that problem behavior is more likely to occur in the attention condition, where social positive reinforcement is present. The data also show that problem behavior is unaffected by the presence of other people or stimuli.

00:00:00 The purpose of a functional behavior assessment is to identify which of a person's behaviors are maintained by contingencies in their environment. Functional behavior assessments can be done with verbal reports, descriptive analyses, or experimental analyses.
00:05:00 The Functional Analysis Screening Tool is a one-page questionnaire that is designed to assess the function of problem behavior. The questionnaire has 16 questions that are aimed at specific environmental conditions under which problem behavior may occur at high or low rates. The questionnaire has poor reliability due to its subjective nature, and the use of these scales is generally inadequate for the purpose of conditional functional behavioral assessment. Alternative methods of assessing function include direct observation and descriptive analysis.
00:10:00 The A-B-C form is a tool used to identify antecedent and consequent events that precede and follow problem behavior. Formal training is required to use the form effectively. The information gathered from an A-B-C analysis can be organized in a way that suggests functions of problem behavior. When problem behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, the antecedent event is usually the delivery of attention by a parent or teacher. When problem behavior is maintained by social negative reinforcement, the antecedent event is usually the occurrence of events that most people would describe as aversive.
00:15:00 A descriptive analysis is a type of analysis in which researchers look at what is happening in a situation, without trying to determine why it is happening. This can be difficult, as often multiple behaviors are exhibited and it is difficult to determine which events are significant. However, descriptive analysis can be very helpful in understanding a situation more clearly.
00:20:00 The three main methods for assessing function are the descriptive analysis, the indirect report method, and the functional analysis. The descriptive analysis is unreliable and takes a long time, the indirect report method is biased and random, and the functional analysis is the gold standard. The functional analysis requires the use of the experimental model, which isolates environmental events to assess their effects on behavior.
00:25:00 The purpose of functional analysis is to identify which behaviors are influenced by specific variables. Two conditions are usually used: one with a variable that is suspected of affecting behavior, and the other without the variable. If differences are seen between the two conditions, then the variable is likely influencing behavior. If no differences are seen, then the variable is not likely influencing behavior. Functional analysis also includes a rule-out condition, where the effects of different variables are examined.
00:30:00 Functional analysis is a tool used to identify the function of problem behavior. In the attention condition, social positive reinforcement (i.e., attention) may be reinforcing for problem behavior, while in the demand condition, challenging tasks may be reinforcing. Session length and number of exposures are up to the researcher to decide.
00:35:00 The video discusses a functional analysis technique that uses different colored T-shirts as a cue to help people discriminate between different conditions. The video also discusses how to minimize time spent conducting the analysis and how to collect data during the analysis.
00:40:00 In this video, Brian discusses how functional analysis of problem behavior can help researchers to understand why certain behaviors are maintained in different situations. The data in the graphs show that problem behavior is more likely to occur in the attention condition, where social positive reinforcement is present. The data also show that problem behavior is unaffected by the presence of other people or stimuli.
00:45:00 Functional analysis is a method used to assess problem behavior. The method requires skill to be able to follow instructions and time to conduct the assessment. There are limitations to the assessment, including the complexity and time requirements. The method has been found to be exportable to other settings, and can be implemented in under two hours with minimal training.
00:50:00 The brief functional analysis is a method of assessing problem behavior in which a session lasts only five minutes and there is no replication. This approach has been used in out-patient clinics to identify functions of problem behavior with accuracy rates of 59%.
00:55:00 Functional analyses can be time-saving tools for practitioners, by reducing the time needed to assess a patient's problem behavior. The study found that problem behavior is maintained by escape from task demands and move onto treatment, and that this behavior can be determined by the practitioner's ability to control extraneous variables. The study also suggests that practitioners try a trial-based functional analysis in order to identify attention as a possible reinforcement mechanism.

01:00:00 - 01:40:00

In the video, Travis and Brian discuss how to conduct a functional analysis of problem behavior. They demonstrate how the assessment is conducted and discuss the different conditions that are used. The video also shows an example of how the functional analysis can be used to select treatments with a higher probability of success.

01:00:00 The problem behavior assessment described in this video is designed to assess whether problem behavior is maintained by task demands and automatic reinforcement. The assessment begins by examining free attention and no attention conditions and then examines the effect of task demands on problem behavior. The assessment is not designed to be time-saving, but is intended for use in classrooms where a setting control is very different. The therapist who consulted the teacher could conduct these trials over a period of several days.
01:05:00 In this video, Wayne and Brian discuss the functional analysis of problem behavior. The two discuss how functional analysis can help reduce risk and how the latency to the first occurrence can be used as an index of sensitivity. They also discuss an example of a latency functional analysis.
01:10:00 Functional analysis is a method for identifying the influence of variables on problem behavior. The third approach, the functional analysis, is deemed the gold standard because it is a reliable way to determine which events are influential on problem behavior. The methodologies used in functional analysis are experimental analysis, descriptive analysis, and latency functional analysis. Each has its own limitations, but they all provide valuable information about the influence of variables on problem behavior.
01:15:00 The function of a problem behavior can help determine the best way to reduce it. Functional analysis is used to identify the establishing operation that influences the behavior, and then the best reinforcement technique is used to establish the alternative response.
01:20:00 Functional analysis is a process used to identify the mechanisms that underlie a person's problem behavior. It can help identify which behavior interventions are most likely to be successful, and it can also help identify which interventions are less likely to be effective.
01:25:00 Functional analysis of problem behavior is a method used to select treatments with a higher probability of success. It allows for more powerful reinforcement-based procedures, as the responses that are selected for replacement for problem behavior and the reinforcers used to establish it are based on the individual history of maintenance for that problem behavior.
01:30:00 The video discusses the different conditions used in the functional analysis of problem behavior, including the attention condition, demand condition, and the play condition. The attention condition is used to see if problem behavior is maintained by social positive reinforcement, usually in the form of attention. In the demand condition, the individual is asked to perform a task, but is not given any feedback or reinforcement for their behavior. The play condition is used to see if appropriate social behavior is maintained, despite the absence of reinforcement. In both the attention and play conditions, the individual is given attention frequently.
01:35:00 In this video, Travis and Jennifer play with some toys together. Jennifer is aggressive and Travis does not deliver any consequences for her behavior. Jennifer plays well with Travis, but after a few trials of aggression, Travis removes the task and tells Jennifer that she doesn't have to work. Jennifer responds by escaping the task. When the task is resumed, Jennifer does better and behaves cooperatively. This video illustrates the demand condition, which is when the therapist presents a series of learning trials that are either boring, repetitive, or effortful, and the individual who is behaving poorly is expected to comply or face consequences. If the individual engages in the target behavior, the consequences can be termination of the trial or escape from the task.
01:40:00 In this video, Travis and Brian demonstrate a functional analysis of problem behavior. Travis can be seen repeatedly prompting Brian to put pencils in a bin, and Brian can be seen engaging in the target behavior (touching the yellow card) in order to receive praise. If Brian does not comply with Travis' requests, Travis terminates the task.