Summary of Terapia genética

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This video discusses the use of gene therapy to treat HIV. Clinical trials are currently underway using various chemical and cellular therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HIV. The majority of the trials are being conducted using Xbox methods, which isolate cells from the patient and use them as mobile targets for the transfer of therapeutic genes. Cells that have been genetically modified are also used in some protocols. These cells are expanded in a cell culture before being administered to the patient.

• 00:00:00 The video discusses the use of genetic therapy, which is the manipulation of the human genome. This can be done in a number of ways, including the addition of altered genes to the human code, called "genetic engineering." This alteration has been done in the past century, with the development of biochemistry and genetics in 1968. The first step in this technology was made by Werner and Hamilton in 1967, when they cut DNA at a specific point using restriction enzymes. However, it was Daniel Nathans who perfected this technology and was the first to inject genes into a bacteria. Stanley Herbert Dierickx was the first to put this technology into practice on an individual when he cut a piece of DNA and recombined it in 1973. However, the technology has not been used on humans due to the limitations of current technology and the risk of gene mutations. Another type of genetic therapy is somatic gene therapy, which aims to modify the genome of non-germ Cells in the body. This cannot be passed down to future generations, as the general consensus among scientists is that it is unsafe to do so. Only clinical trials using this technology are currently taking place. This is called "genetic therapy," and it is used to treat diseases by replacing a defective
• 00:05:00 Clinical aspects of using genetic therapy are important in predicting the involvement of the pharmacy in this treatment because of the need for stable medications, conservation, administration, and adverse reactions. The product of genetic therapy could be administered as a ready-to-use medicine in a prepared form that would be the same for all patients treated with the same condition. Here, the patient's body would work as an automatic machine. Theoretically, the preparation of a genetic therapy would respond to the same criteria as drugs derived from biological sources. However, genetic therapy requires the management of cells from the patient for the preparation of a specific product, which could be addressed by a hospital's own multidisciplinary team or with external help from institutes or societies specializing in biotechnology. This has to be done in order to direct the therapy directly to the patient. There is likely to be professional competition for the management of these treatments between pharmacists and biomedical engineers. The training of a multidisciplinary team may be the most appropriate model to ensure rational use of genetic therapy. However, in genetic therapy, a gene transfer must be efficient in genes cloned from diseased cells so that introduced genes are expressed in a sufficient quantity after transfer. Alternatively, genes
• 00:10:00 The terapia genética is a simple form of therapy that has no limitations as to the size of the DNA. They are less toxic and are not immunogenic. The advantages of this therapy are that it has low efficacy when it comes to transference of cells, and that it can only be used in vitro, that is, outside of the patient. Some of the examples of this therapy would be liposomes and conjugated DNA viruses. Viral vectors are obtained by the removal of one or more genes necessary for viral replication and their replacement by the therapeutic gene. Terapia genética has several advantages over more effective transfer systems, such as being able to infect a high proportion of cells full of virus. One disadvantage is that this uncontrolled transfer of virus can activate a virus or co-infection. Another key point to consider when using gene therapy in vivo is the immune response. Immune cells will eliminate genetically modified cells by dying. The gene therapy antisense therapy consists of introducing together with the therapeutic gene one or more genes that will allow identification and selection of cells filled with the therapeutic gene. Antisense sequences are short sequences of DNA that interfere with the synthesis of protein by interfering with the processes of transcription and translation. One type of
• 00:15:00 The therapy of genetic diseases is usually done by directly disrupting or interfering with the specific sequences of DNA, called "genes." Monogenic diseases, which are diseases caused by a single gene mutation, are known to affect approximately 4,000 individuals. The original idea for genetic therapy was to treat these diseases by restoring the missing protein. Other approaches, such as using genetic engineering to add a new property to cells affected by a disease, are also being used. In general, genetic diseases are diseases that conventional pharmacology is not very effective against. However, there are a few disorders that have developed and are being treated using genetic therapies. Some of the most well-known genetic diseases are cancer and HIV. The current strategies used in genetic therapy trials are to increase the tumor's anticancer activity in common cells, increase the patient's immunity to foreign antigens, and introduce a gene that causes a cell to suicide. In addition, genes that block tumor growth are also being introduced. To date, the use of genetic therapies has had a limited impact, with only a few diseases being treated this way. However, this is expected to increase in the near future as more proteins are identified as being defective.
• 00:20:00 This video discusses how gene therapy can help treat HIV by transferring genes from HIV to competing proteins. This can slow down the virus's assembly process, or inhibit its replication. The proteins that act as inhibitors are often obtained from viruses that have been infected with genes that have been transferred. These genes are then introduced into the patient's cells by way of a vector, which facilitates their delivery to the target area. In some cases, cells that have been translated and expressed in the transgenic vector are reintroduced into the patient directly. Clinical trials are currently underway using various chemical and cellular therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HIV. Majority of the trials are being conducted using Xbox methods, which isolate cells from the patient and use them as mobile targets for the transfer of therapeutic genes. Cells that have been genetically modified are also used in some protocols. These cells are expanded in a cell culture before being administered to the patient.