Summary of Die Welt der Werkstoffe, Chemie, Teil 1

00:00:00 - 00:15:00

This video is the first part of a series that introduces the world of materials and chemistry. In this video, Professor Bonnet covers the basics of chemistry and explains the three main states of matter. He also discusses chemical elements and their compounds, and the periodic table of the elements. The video ends with a discussion of the difference between metals and nonmetals, and how the number of electrons in an atom affects its character.

• 00:00:00 This video introduces the world of materials, chemistry, part 1. In this video, Professor Bonnet covers the basics of chemistry for those who are curious but intimidated by the topic. He explains that chemistry is the science that deals with the structure, properties, and transformation of chemical substances. He also discusses the three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how energy is needed to transition between them. He then goes on to discuss chemical elements and their compounds. The periodic table of the elements is only 150 years old, and before that, there were various theories about the origins of different materials. The Schwefel-Quecksilber-Theory proposed that all things were made of the four “principles” of fire, water, earth, and air, which could combine to form the metals we know today. Russian chemist Dimitri Mendelejew was the leading figure in developing this theory, and in 1869, he presented a system of ordering all known chemical elements according to their atomic weight. This system is still in use today.
• 00:05:00 In this video, Dmitri Mendelejew discusses the periodic properties of the elements, which are determined by their atomic weight. Mendelejew also predicts the existence of new elements based on the properties of known elements.
• 00:10:00 In this video, chemists discuss the mass and order of atoms. Mass is primarily affected by the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, and this effect is more noticeable for heavy elements than for light elements. For example, water can be converted to hydrogen and oxygen in an electric reaction, but the heavier isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) are preferentially converted to the lighter isotopes in the reaction. The sum of protons and neutrons is called the atomic mass and is usually given along with the element's symbol. In this case, the atomic mass would be 12 for the mass and 6 for the order. You might be surprised to see numbers like 12345 in chemistry texts, because these are actually the atomic mass numbers of the isotopes of the element. Each electron in an atom can be in one of four energy levels, and the number of electrons in a particular energy level is called the electron configuration. The electron configuration of hydrogen is 1s1. The electron configuration of lithium is 3s2. Neon has 8 electrons in its configuration and potassium has 17. The number of electrons in a particular energy level is related to the number of shells that the electron configuration occupies. The electron configuration of hydrogen is
• 00:15:00 This video discusses the difference between metals and nonmetals, and explains how the amount of electrons in an atom affects its character. The video also covers the concepts of absorption and emission, and how these processes lead to the transformation of elements into different types of substances.