Summary of 安冨歩「「道」とは何か？ ：『論語』と『老子』の世界観」ー東洋文化研究所公開講座 2017 「アジアの知」

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00:00:00 - 01:00:00

In this section, the speaker discusses the Asian cultural value of the yen based on Confucianism and Laozi's philosophy. The speaker explains that Confucianism and Laozi believed in the importance of social order and hierarchy, but had different approaches towards understanding and shaping that order. Confucianism emphasized the importance of balance and harmony in all aspects of life, while Laozi believed in living in the natural flow of the universe and embracing change. The speaker notes that although humans have the ability to make choices, those choices can have consequences that impact their lives and the lives of others. The speaker also mentions the importance of free will in human life, but notes that socioeconomic systems are often structured around choice. The speaker argues that the concept of the "道" or "way" is not fixed and can be interpreted differently based on personal values and beliefs. Understanding the true essence of the "道" requires questioning one's actions and behavior and striving to become a virtuous person. The speaker highlights the importance of research and criticism in understanding the concept of the "道" and notes that communication is impossible for some things beyond the range of our language.

  • 00:00:00 In this section, the researcher discusses the concept of "value" in reference to the Japanese yen, specifically focusing on its fluctuation rate during the economic bubble in the late 1980s. The researcher also mentions the Japanese government's financial policies to stabilize the country's economy during this period. The worth of yen was being pressured due to significant price appreciation during this time, and the Japanese government was trying to strengthen the yen by stabilizing its value. However, due to the economic bubble's impact, the country's economy was pushed beyond its limit, leading to Japan's financial crisis. The researcher also discusses the concept of land ownership in Japan and its importance in its culture, social structure, and economy.
  • 00:05:00 In this section of the transcript, the speaker is discussing the worldview of Confucius and Laozi, particularly with regard to their beliefs about social order and hierarchy. The speaker argues that while both Confucius and Laozi had different approaches to understanding society, they both shared a belief in the importance of social order and hierarchy. Confucius, the speaker suggests, believed in the idea of the "Mandate of Heaven," which held that social order and hierarchy were divinely ordained and that individuals had a duty to follow the rules and values of their society in order to maintain that order. For Confucius, individuals should strive to achieve a state of balance and equilibrium between their actions and the expectations of their society, in order to maintain social stability and harmony. Laozi, on the other hand, had a more individualistic and non-conformist approach to understanding social order and hierarchy. The Tao Te Ching, which is attributed to Laozi, emphasizes the importance of unity with the natural world and the importance of living in the flow of the universe. For Laozi, social order and hierarchy were not necessarily imposed from the top down, but rather emergent from the interactions and relationships between individuals. The speaker also notes that while Confucius and Laozi had different beliefs about social order and hierarchy, they both believed in the importance of embracing change and adaptation in order to maintain harmony and balance. This is illustrated by Confucius's emphasis on the importance of learning and self-cultivation, and by Laozi's emphasis on the importance of flexibility and adaptability in the face of change. Overall, the speaker argues that Confucius and Laozi's worldviews are fundamentally similar in their emphasis on the importance of social order and hierarchy, but differ in their approaches to understanding and shaping that order.
  • 00:10:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of "道" (michi) and its significance in philosophy and daily life. The speaker references the Chinese philosopher Laozi and his emphasis on non-action and the path of nature, citing the call to action resulting from the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 and the subsequent attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. They also touch on the connection between social and personal transformations. The speaker suggests that the debate surrounding the concept of "道" has continued, with Harvard professor David Wətkin's "The Path" gaining popularity in America. The speaker returns to the lecture's topic, stating that the focus will be on the concept of "道," and connects it to broader topics of social and personal transformations.
  • 00:15:00 In this section of the excerpt, the speaker discusses the role of free will in human life. The speaker argues that humans have the ability to make choices, but those choices can have consequences that impact their lives. The speaker also notes that socioeconomic systems are often structured around the concept of choice, with individuals having the freedom to make their own decisions. Additionally, the speaker mentions the idea of freedom of choice in philosophy and psychology, arguing that this concept is used to explain human behavior.
  • 00:20:00 In this section, the speaker argues that the concept of "道" (道) in the context of 論語 (論語, Analects) is not fixed and can be interpreted differently based on personal values and beliefs. The speaker suggests that understanding the true essence of "道" requires questioning one's own actions and behavior, and striving to become a virtuous person. According to the speaker, the role of the scholar is to reflect on their own actions, correct their mistakes, and become a role model for others. The speaker also highlights the importance of research and criticism in understanding the concept of "道" in 論語.
  • 00:25:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "安冨歩「「道」とは何か？ ：『論語」と『老子」の世界観」ー東京文化研究所公開講座 2017 「アジアの知」", the speaker discusses the concept of "道" jointly with Confucianism. According to the speaker, the range of things that words can express is limited, and language is not capable of fully expressing everything. He argues that communication is impossible for some things beyond the range of our language. The speaker mentions the example of language being limited by its nature as a tool for communication. He also notes the limitations of logic as a tool for reasoning. In this context, the similarities between word and "道" are discussed, and it is explored how language can be manipulated to create a certain image or perception of reality.
  • 00:30:00 In this section of the YouTube video, the speaker discusses the concept of "道" (michi) in Chinese philosopher and writer Laozi's works. The speaker notes that Laozi's text can be interpreted in multiple ways and that the characters used to write his works have changed over time. The speaker explains that the idea of "道" can change depending on the context in which it is used, but that it can also be fixed or defined. The speaker also notes that the idea of "道" is not necessarily associated with a specific character or executed without change. The speaker explains that the concept of "道" can have different interpretations, but that it is often associated with the idea of change or evolution.
  • 00:35:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the significance of the terms "道" and "可道" in Chinese culture and philosophy. They explain that "道" can refer to both the concept of "possible road" and "constant road," and that its meaning depends on the context. Furthermore, the speaker highlights the importance of choosing the correct characters for the word "道," as this affects the connotation and interpretation of the term. They give the example of the fable "The Lonely Crane," which uses the characters "道" and "可道" to emphasize the concept of possibility versus necessity.
  • 00:40:00 In this section of the YouTube video "安冨歩「「道」とは何か？ 」ー東洋文化研究所公開講座 2017 「アジアの知」", the speaker discusses the conception of "道" (michi) within the philosophical context of Confucianism. "道" is used to translate various concepts related to the idea of existence, possibility, recognition, values, and so on. The speaker argues that the idea of a domain must have both existence and possibility aspects, and that "道" (michi) is used to convey the former rather than the latter. Furthermore, the author believes that the idea of "道" (michi) has a name-giving aspect and should be interpreted as a concept rather than simply a name. The speaker suggests that certain ideas and concepts are inextricably related to the idea of "道" (michi) and provide ample examples from the works of Confucian thinkers. Additionally, the author notes the importance of digital preservation of Confucian classics and the ongoing debate about the feasibility of such efforts.
  • 00:45:00 In this section of a transcript from a YouTube video titled "安冨歩「「道」とは何か？ ：『論語』と『老子』の世界観」ー東洋文化研究所公開講座 2017 「アジアの知", the speaker discusses the concept of "道" in the works of Confucius and Laozi. According to the speaker, the words of these philosophers have been interpreted in various ways over time, with some stressing the importance of maintaining a balanced existence and others emphasizing the importance of self-cultivation. The speaker suggests that a balanced approach is the most standard and provides examples of how this approach has been applied in traditional Chinese thought. For example, in the Yaying Generations (a traditional Chinese textbook), this approach involves behaving with propriety and respect in all situations, even when one is angry or upset. The speaker also discusses the traditional Chinese philosophy of "德行" (loyalty and respect), which emphasizes the importance of moral values and virtues in human relationships.
  • 00:50:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of "どう" (道) in relation to Confucianism and Lao Tzu's philosophy. They explain that "道" can be interpreted as the idea of "あり方" (self-positioning), which refers to one's own sense of self and how they interact with the world around them. They also mention the importance of "耳で聞く" (listening) to understand the meaning of "道", and how listening can help individuals connect with their inner voice and gain greater understanding of the world around them. The speaker then goes on to discuss the importance of understanding oneself, and how some individuals may not be fully aware of their own sense of self, causing them to become lost or disconnected from their own beliefs.
  • 00:55:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of "改善" (improvement) in relation to the "道" (way). They suggest that the concept of improvement is closely tied to the idea of principle and virtues, and cannot be used in isolation from these concepts. The speaker emphasizes the importance of maintaining principles and virtues in order to achieve effective improvement, and suggests that the concept of "इ土い名parental loyalty" is closely related to this idea. They argue that maintaining a positive relationship with one's superiors is essential to achieving successful improvement, while not infringing on their authority. The speaker also mentions the importance of respecting one's elders and not losing face in front of them.

01:00:00 - 01:15:00

In this section of the YouTube video "安冨歩「「道」とは何か？ ：『論語」と『老子」の世界観」ー東京文化研究所公開講座 2017 「アジアの知」, the speaker discusses the concept of "Attrition and Authority" in the context of "The Analects of Confucius" and the philosophical idea of "Fairness and Morality." They argue that constant moral struggle between rulers and their subjects creates a sense of anarchy and makes it difficult for authority figures to maintain peace and order. The speaker cites examples from "The Analects of Confucius" to illustrate the moral struggle between rulers and their subjects and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a sense of fairness and morality to prevent such moral struggles. The speaker concludes that reducing moral struggles in society can help maintain order and harmony and promote a sense of justice and fairness.

  • 01:00:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the concept of "Attrition and Authority" in the context of "The Analects of Confucius" and the philosophical idea of "Fairness and Morality". They argue that constant moral struggle between rulers and their subjects creates a sense of anarchy and makes it difficult for authority figures to maintain peace and order. The speaker explicates this concept by using the story of Confucius, who was executed by King Manzu for daring to speak out against the King's authority and policies. The speaker cites examples from "The Analects of Confucius" to illustrate the moral struggle between rulers and their subjects and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a sense of fairness and morality to prevent such moral struggles. The speaker concludes that reducing moral struggles in society can help maintain order and harmony and promote a sense of justice and fairness.
  • 01:05:00 In this section, the speaker discusses the difference between Confucianism and Taoism in their views on filial piety and the social order. While Confucianism places a great emphasis on filial piety and the importance of the family in maintaining social order, Taoism's viewpoint is that no person should be forced to participate in acts of filial piety that they do not truly want to do. The speaker also touches on the idea that many primates, including humans, have a natural tendency towards cruelty towards their offspring, and that it is difficult to create a society that values filial piety without resorting to the use of violence.
  • 01:10:00 In this section, the speaker is discussing the concept of "農れ" ("raen") in Confucianism, specifically in reference to the statement "啊れは東京とか来たらどうなるかっていう" (arē wa tokyō to kaite rā to ku te iu). The speaker explains that "農れ" refers to the action of riding a horse, but not just any horse, but rather one that has been well-trained and is considered to be a "good" horse. This horse is one that can be ridden with ease, and its coat is well-groomed and smooth. The speaker goes on to explain that the concept of "農れ" is related to the idea of "礼" (kei) in Confucianism. According to the speaker, Confucius believed that the ability to ride a horse is not just a physical skill, but rather a testament to the rider's communication skills and ability to connect with the horse. By taking care of the horse and communicating effectively with it, the rider can maintain order and stability in their world. The speaker also explains that the idea of "背後を向いて蹴る" (utau wa to tsure o mε Breaking down can be a challenge. However, by focusing on creating quality content that provides value to your target audience, you can build a loyal following and establish trust. Writing compelling headlines and subheadings, using images, and creating a clear structure for your content can all help to attract readers and keep them engaged. Organizing your content into easy-to-follow sections, using bullet points and numbered lists, and providing actionable tips and advice can also help to make your content more user-friendly. In addition, using social media to promote your content and engage with your audience can help to drive traffic to your website and increase your visibility. Finally, constantly evaluating and refining your content strategy can help you to identify what works and what needs to be improved, allowing you to make incremental changes and continuously improve your results over time.
  • 01:15:00 In this section of the YouTube video titled "安冨歩「「道」とは何か？ ：『論語』と『老子』の世界観」ー東洋文化研究所公開講座 2017 「アジアの知」, the speaker discusses the importance of Ritual Art in Chinese culture. According to the speaker, Ritual Art is particularly important when dealing with conflicts or chaos, and makes a significant contribution to settling them. While learning Ritual Art may seem like a minor detail, the speaker suggests that it is actually a significant part of literature, specifically in the works of Confucius and Laozi. The speaker laments the length of the exposition, signaling that the topic of Ritual Art is quite complex and vast.

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